Ionization Definition and 270 Threads

Homework Statement I was going through my past question and answer, I then came across this: "The noble gases have the highest ionization energies in each period". I then wondered why and how the above statement is a reality. How can the above statement be true when the noble gases have...

Homework Statement in part 1 i used the Saha equation to calculate that the hydrogen in the center of the sun was fully ionized (given temperature and central electron density). part 2 says: Re-examine the result by computing the average separation of atoms at the center of the sun knowing...

Can anyone tell me which formula is used to calculate the ionization energy of elements different then H. E= Z^2 13,6eV/ n^2 where n- number of the shell, and Z- number of protons only gives the ionization energy in case of one electron around the nucleus. Thank you in advance.

Homework Statement A metal sphere of radius 0.15m carries an initial charge Q1 = +6.4x10-6 Coulombs a) show that this amount of charge is insufficient to ionize the surrounding air. b) your body, initially neutral, and the soles of your shoes are made of insulating material. You move...

Hi, thanks for reading my questions. I've been reading and reading and reading and reading and I'm trying to understand the difference between conductors, semiconductors, and insulators at an atomic level. When reading about electricity I often find that metals have a "sea" of "free"...

Homework Statement Estimate the ionization energy of Lithium. Neglect the repulsion between the electrons. Homework Equations what is the equation that can be used here? There are thousands of tables in the web having tabulated the values of various ionaziation energies. But one can hardly...

I'm looking at the ionization energy of some elements and their work function. To my astonishment these energies are quite different (factor close to 2). How is that possible that if say a piece of copper has almost all its atoms in the fundamental state (room temperature ensures this I...

Is it true that by finding exact resonant frequency we could ionize matter or split molecules? What is frequency to split water molecules into H+ and HO- ions? What is resonant frequency to split up hydrogen atom into proton and electron? Would spliting water molecule require less energy...

Why can't I have a neutral particle come into a cloud chamber and leave a track? I was reading about cloud chambers and it says when the charged particle comes in it ionizes the vapor in the chamber. But why couldn't a neutron come in and ionize the particles in the chamber with its kinetic...

Hello all- I am working to calculate the value of I3 for Li. I am working through the formula: Z2hR/n2 Can anyone tell me what n is equal to? I had originally set n=3 since I am looking for I3, but it was marked incorrect as n should have been set at 1. I'm not sure why in this case...

Is there sth like rydberg formula for Molecular ionization?

Homework Statement (10.) It requires roughly 10 eV to ionize one hydrogen atom. How much energy (in joules) are needed to ionize all the hydrogen atoms in one mole of molecular hydrogen (H2)? [Recall: 1 eV = 1.6 × 10−19 J and Avogadro’s constant is about 6 × 1023.] Homework Equations...

The distance between two ionizations of MgO is .22 nm. Sketch its curve of Force vs. energy. Its a question,one of my classmates requested me to find the solution and its not related to the things I'm studying at university. The only thing I remember about it is the ridberg equation which as...

Wikipedia says they are synonymous. Ionization energy is how much energy it takes to abstract an electron from an atom. A molecule with a low ionization energy can more easily be ionized. It seems weird to call this a low ionization potential though. You are trying to say it can easily be...

ionization energy...? i got a mcq in my test: Ionization energy increases: a) across a period b) down a group c) from metal to non-metal d) all of above i am confused between option 'a' and 'c' what should be the right answer?

Homework Statement A hydrogen like system has ionization energy of 11808 kJ/mol. Find the number of protons in the nucleus. Homework Equations Not sure. Should I use the formula En = E1/n2? The Attempt at a Solution The ionization energy of H is 1312 kJ/mol. The ionization...

What happens to the ions that are released from the material after e- are released? How come the material doesn't completely degrade?

Why is it that the energy required to pull an electron out of a metal surface(work function) is approximately half of the energy required to pull an electron out of the free atom(ionization energy) of the same metal (or element)? Is there any formula relating the two quantities?

Homework Statement Calculate the threshold ionization intensity for hydrogen gas. The attempt at a solution The way I tried to work it out was to use the field intensity of air which breaks down at, 3x10^6V/m. The ionization potential of oxygen is 13.618ev, 14.534ev for nitrogen and 13.598ev...

I'm working on a personal project trying to figure out if lasers can be effectively used to generate plasma from a gas at specific rates. As part of this, I assumed that most of the ionization would take place because of the laser photons rather than the power generated by the laser. Working...

Hello, I'm trying to figure out if an atom undergoing alpha decay can knock out its orbital electrons. I was hoping someone might give me a hand coming up with a model to figure this out. What I need to figure out is: How far out does an alpha particle tunnel can I use a classical...

1. Which one of the following configurations depicts an excited oxygen atom? a. 1s2 2s2 2p2 b.1s2 2s2 2p2 3s2 c.1s2 2s2 2p1 d.1s2 2s2 2p4 a. is out of the question c. is out of the questioin I know d. is the ground state of oxygen but how did they get 3s2 for b.? It must be b. But...

I am in grade 12 physics and we're currently doing atomic physics. So far I understand that when electrons get excited, they move on to higher energy levels by absorbing photons. Also I understand that when an electron moves from a higher energy level to a lower one, photons are emitted. But my...

Electro Negativity, Ionization Energy, and Electron Affinity... Can anyone explain these to me in normal English please? I am having a hard time understanding these concepts from the definitions given in the book and from my teacher. Thank you.

Hi guys, I am currently doing a project which involves firing a class 4 laser into a small enclosure (200mmx200mm) and onto a target, which is to emit IR. I am trying to theoretically prove that there will be no ionization of the air (i.e. turn the air into plasma) inside the enclosure...

Homework Statement I1, = 786 kJ molG1 I5 = 16,091 kJ molG1 I2 = 1577 kJ molG1 I6 = 19,784 kJ molG1 I3 = 3232 kJ molG1 I7 = 23,766 kJ molG1 I4 = 4355 kJ molG1 I8 = 29,251 kJ molG1 Determine the energy required in kJ molG1 for the following process: M(g)^+ ------> M^5+(g) + 4 e...

Can we ionize the helium atom at once? ie the two electrons simultaneously and not one after another. If yes, what is the ionization energy in this case?

I have had this question in the back of my mind for a while. Hydrogen has 1 proton and 1 electron, and the atom is electrically neutral. So that means that the electrical charge from the electron and the proton cancel each other out as they have equal/opposite charge. Then when you add another...

Homework Statement The first ionization energy of an atom is the minimum energy needed to remove one electron. For helium, this is 24.6 eV. The second ionization energy is the additional energy required to remove a second electron. a) Calculate the second ionization energy of helium...

Here comes a pretty hard question, which not even my QM teacher has been able to answer. When we think about one hydrogen atom, and put it in an electric field along the z-axis \bar E = \bar e_z E. Then the potential for a hydrogen atom will look like this: U = -\frac{e^2}{4\pi \epsilon_0...

When looking through the ionization energies/mol of various elements, I'm wondering if it wouldn't be possible to create an incredibly high potential battery by stripping off 10, 20, 30, or more electrons from each atom on the positive side of the battery. I suppose I should ask first, is...

I wonder what is the technique that measure ionization potential for molecular systems experimentally ?

I have an electrodynamics question stemming from a recent episode of the game show "1 vs 100" in which I disagreed with the show's answer. The question is: "You touch your grandma's elbow and feel a spark. What do you have an excess build-up of, besides shame?" Answer choices were...

we know that particles produced in radioactive decay process, such as alpha and belta particles, can produce "ion pairs" along their paths. Does the "ion pairs" means "positive ion and election pairs" or "positive ion and negative ion pairs" ? I am not sure whether negative ions can be produced...

Hi all, I have been wondering how much energy does a candle produce per second. I know, that the heat energy can be measured, but what about the ionization energy? By ionization energy I mean the energy which is consumed when neutral atoms in the air are ionized. How can the amount of ions...

I'm interested in the question of what strength magnetic field you need to fully or partially ionize a neutral atom. I'm fairly sure this is possible but I'm not very familiar with quantum physics, atomic physics, solid state physics, and so on. I'm familiar with the "classical analog"...

Why do metals generally have lower ionization energies than non-metals? I mean, doesn't ionization energy depend on the atomic radius? And the atomic radius is in turn dependent on the shell and the protons. According to these factors, the atomic radius of Sodium should be smaller than...

Homework Statement The following diagram represents the allowed electronic energy levels of a hypothetical atom. What frequency photon would be required to ionize this atom if it were already in the n = 2 state? [PLAIN]http://img32.imageshack.us/img32/667/picture2vt.png Homework...

Homework Statement First of all, this is my first post here, so I apologize if I format things incorrectly. I'm working on a Matlab script to evaluate the tunnel ionization rates via the PPT model given the correct set of input parameters. The rate equation I am using contains equations...

Homework Statement What concentration of formic acid would give an aqueous solution in which 2.85 percent of the formic acid molecules are ionized? Assume that Ka for formic acid is 1.80E-4 . Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution X^2 / .0285 - X = 1.8E-4 X = .00226 M =...

Homework Statement What are the difference between ionization chamber and GM tube in structure which make them have different functions? The Attempt at a Solution Higher voltage is applied to GM tube so that electron avalanche can occur. Then I wonder that if higher voltage is...

Hello Everyone, I have been trying to solve problem on Townsend 1st and 2nd coefficient. Attached is the question and my solution to it. Can soneone assist by confirming if the solution is correct.

This is the exercise: Suppose that an hydrogen atom in its ground state absorbs a photon whose wavelength is 15 nm. Will the atom be ionized? If so, what will be the kinetic energy of the electron when it gets far away from its atom of origin? i have no idea how to procede! Someone can help...

Homework Statement Given the atomic orbitals for a number of elements eg. neon 1s^22s^22p^6 and lithium 1s^2s^1 and phosphorus 1s^22s^2p^63s^23p^3 How would I determine which of these would have the highest first ionization energy and what is meant by first ionization energy...

Hi Got a question, hoping someone can give a good explanation for. We all know that large static uniform electric fields have the potential to ionize. (Dielectric breakdown of Air - Static Electricity Shock). In the Quantum picture, why does this occur. Take for instance the photo...

i am stuck on this question and people are giving me different answers. Ok which period 3 element has the following succesive ionization energies: 1800,3000,3600,5800,13200

The succesive ionization energies in kj/mol of an element x found in period 3 of the periodic table are: 1800,3000,3600,5800,13200. With the aid of a periodic table,what is element x?

Hello, I am new to the forum.. I hope someone can help me with this problem cause this has been killing me for a while now.. photo-generation is excitation of electrons into the conduction band when a photon interacts with an electron.. energy required for photo-generation is equal (or...

If a photon is used to ionize an atom then what happens to the photon? If the wavelength of the photon corresponds to the ionization energy, then the photon is absorbed/annihilated, yes? What if the photon has more energy. Is a lower energy photon emitted during ionization?

Find the effective nuclear charge of the outermost electron in sodium using its ionization energy. Ionization energy of sodium = 5.14 eV = 8.23e-19 J Zeff = Z - S I tried using the equation Zeff = Z - S, but when I followed all the rules, I found S = (8*0.85)+(2*1.00) = 8.8 Zeff...