Redshift Definition and 368 Threads

How does the expansion of space cause light to lose energy?

This idea has always bugged me: If we are looking at the past when observing the redshift of far away galaxies (ex: 10 billions light years).. then how can we tell that the universe at the present time is still expanding at same rate, deaccelerated, or stopped expanding?

My discussion of the Friedmann metric comes from the derivation presented in section 4.2.1 of the reference: https://www1.maths.leeds.ac.uk/~serguei/teaching/cosmology.pdf I have a couple of simple questions on the derivation. The are placed at points during the derivation.I note the...

Can anyone recommend papers that directly curve-fit redshift as a function of luminosity distance for type Ia supernova and gamma ray bursts? I am looking for papers that do not curve-fit the data via an assumed model, even one as simple as Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) metric. I...

If we run two identical lasers and put one at sea level and one on top of a high mountain, will they operate at different frequencies?

Has anyone conjectured that the redshift associated with Hubble's constant can be explained by Heisenberg's uncertainty principle? Another words, the further in space away from us a photon is emitted from a galaxy, the longer in time it takes for the photon to reach us. Since the photon has a...

I understand that andromeda is blue shifted because it is moving towards us, but do we see any kind of redshift because of the expansion of the universe. Is andromeda less blue shifted than it should be because of cosmological redshift?

i have been learning about using redshift to measure the distance of far-flung objects, but in all my research i never saw a specific unit used to quantify how redshifted an object is. to me it seems like an oversight, because such a unit would be very useful for the study of distant galaxies...

Hey! I was reading some script and when it comes to the cosmological redshift, it says, that only relativistic particles are affected by cosmological redshift. This does feel quite natural, however, I haven't been able to come up with an explanation that shows it with proper physics and...

Galaxies seem to being found further and further back to the BB, At what epoch is it going to be impossible for galaxies to form? https://arxiv.org/abs/0912.4263

Greg Bernhardt submitted a new PF Insights post Coordinate Dependent Statements in an Expanding Universe Continue reading the Original PF Insights Post.

In studying the chapters on cosmology in Misner/Thorne/Wheeler (what a textbook!), I see that the cosmological redshift is different than Doppler. If I understand correctly, it is due to the expansion of the (Friedman, FLRW) universe during the photon’s long journey to us, rather than being due...

We can define the relationship between ##z## and ##a(t_e)## as, $$1+z=\frac {a(t_0)=1} {a(t_e)}$$ When we assume ##z=2##, it means that ##a(t_e)=\frac {1} {3}## Is this means that universe was ##\frac {1} {3}## times smaller then now ? If its the case then let's suppose ##z=6## which means...

My question is very simple (and I assume it has been discussed before but I cant't find the topic): An atom in the Sun emits a photon detected by an observer on Earth. Disregarding uncertainties and experimental problems relating to the movement of the atom (or assuming we could correct for...

A couple of papers in the last couple of years identify problems with the ΛCDM "standard model of cosmology" based upon high redshift astronomy observations. Have there been adequate responses to these concerns? Charles L. Steinhardt, et al., "The Impossibly Early Galaxy Problem" (June 3...

I'm not sure I understand how to correctly scale flux density with redshift. That is, if I observe say 10 Jy at my observing frequency coming from a source at z = 0.3, how can I estimate the flux density I would expect from the same source at z=2? From what I understand, the final scaling is...

I just saw this news article on the home page of the university I'm working in: http://www.aalto.fi/en/current/news/2017-06-30/ It seems to be about a study that can potentially explain the redshift of distant stars with a mechanism that's related to the interaction of photons with the...

Hi everyone, I am new to observations and observational terms! I am reading the paper "constraining the time variation of the fine-structure constant" by Srianand et. al in the section "constraining alpha with QSO absorption lines" there is a sentence saying "... rest wavelengths of MG II ...

Hello PhysicsForum, There is something I don't get at the end of this course notes PDF file. In the last section, titled "Comoving distance and redshift", which I have copied below, we have a short derivation of the comoving distance and redshift relation. Almost all is well, the only thing...

Since the universe is expanding, photons emitted by distant stars are red-shifted, having their wavelengths stretched out. But, since the energy of a photon is dependent on the inverse of its wavelength, doesn't that mean that the expansion of the universe is causing photons to lose energy? How...

what is thought to be the closest star whose light visible to us now is/has cosmological redshift? perhaps the same answer but in case not: at what LY distance does the prevalent cosmological redshift of distant starlight begin? TY, r

As the Universe expands and the photons stretch to longer wavelengths (say from UV photons to the CMBR now) where has the energy gone since longer wavelength photons have less energy? Regards, G.

isn't expansion essentially making more space rather than moveing us in it? So why does it redshif light? Or is that just a super facile explanation of expansion that they explain people like me who wouldn't get it?...

...does it not simply indicate that the galaxies WERE receding faster IN THE PAST?

Hey ! i am having this question to be answered , i am new to the cosmology studies and still a bit confused about some formulas. the question is: (a) The greatest redshift known corresponds to the cosmic microwave background (CMB, CBR) at redshift z 1100 (although the redshift is obtained...

I am trying to find a derivation of gravitational redshift from a static metric that does not depend on the equivalence principle and is not a heuristic Newtonian derivation. Any suggestions?

Homework Statement I encountred a question that says : Assume that gravitational interactions between galaxies in groups lead to random galaxy velocities of 300 km/s At what distance would the redshift predicted by Hubble's law dominate over that produced by individual velocities? and what is...

Can anyone in the cosmology community direct me to hard research data that specifically demonstrates: there is no detectable redshift difference in stars that are the same distance from the Earth but in all different directions. This is of course related to 'does the universe have a preferred...

Why does this redshift versus lighttravel time equation work? z=-ln(1-t)/sqrt(1-t^2) where (z) is the cosmological redshift, and (t) is the look-back time where the present equals 0 and the origin of time equals 1. Ned Wright's cosmology calculator with the default inputs [H_o=69.6...

So I was reading that the equivalence principle of Newton doesn't work because of a thought experiment. They said that an experimenter shoots bullets( 1 per second) from the bottom of the elevator to the top. This happens in outerspace where the elevator moves up with accleration g. And this...

In this video: The professor at the end (at about 7:28), used the formula for scale factor and redshift as a(t) = 1/z, instead of the actual one a(t) = 1/1+z. And when we apply both of them, they give very different results. So, how could the professor use the first formula, which we were...

In this video (), we first took the spectrum of a star and then of a galaxy which look like the following: However, what I don't get is: if we take the spectrum of a star and then of the galaxy the star is in, shouldn't it give me the same spectrum as they're moving in the same speed? And if...

As far as I know, when we use the spectrum of a star, we see where the absorption lines are and using this, we can detect the elements that are present in the star. We also measure whether those absorption lines are supposed to be for a particular element. But why is it not possible that the...

Good day all, Sorry if this has been posted a lot before but I've been fiddling with the formulas for the redshift and I came up with a question regarding the proportionality of it. I'm new at this so please bear with me. For the sake of argument, I'm talking about redshift in an expansion with...

The expansion of our universe stretches out light causing the phenomenon known as "redshift." When light falls into a black hole... Its wavelength gets stretched out infinitely? Light with a flat wavelength? Or is there some limit to how much a wave of light can be stretched out... There's a...

A high GHz mobile signal needs to be close to your house for you to get a good signal without the mast frying nearby residents with too many watts. A LW radio signal on the other hand can be transmitted from a far away country with a less watts. This is because shorter wave lengths are absorbed...

I understand it's definition but i am unsure how it affects light. Does it slow light down? (is this even possible?) Does it stretch light's wavelength? Does it convert light into infrared? Does it make light brighter or dimmer? hmm. thank you for your kind help!

This has been bothering me for ages so I'm posting here in the hope someone can answer. If the universe was not expanding and if time was not constant but instead was speeding up why would this not fully account for observed cosmological redshift? Wavelengths of light released long ago would...

Homework Statement I'm doing a project on the redshift from a star system (I chose a binomial system because why not). I might be going a little overboard using topology to calculate redshift, but whatever. First off, can I just treat a binomial system as the superposition of 2 sources which...

Hubble breaks the distance record, with a large jump to a redshift of 11.1 Does this mean that some of theories need revision? We do not appear to reaching a limiting value!http://sci.esa.int/hubble/57530-hubble-breaks-cosmic-distance-record-heic1604/

LIGO reported the announced event with a redshift of 0.6 < z < 1.3. With no em radiation event reported (AFAIK), does anyone know how they have determined the redshift? I understand how they could measure the pre-merger, chirp and ring-down frequencies with good accuracy. In order to determine...

Dear Sirs My question relates to the recent observation of gravitational waves by LIGO. The paper PRL 116 "Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger -B.P Abbott et al"" depicts the chirp signal of the wave detected, where it is seen how both frequency and amplitude...

I am interested in locating information of the evidence of z evolution that has been collected of the spectra of relatively high z sources over the previous 75(35) years. Before I get too far into the question, I thought I would try to find what research might have been done on the subject...

Hi, Apart from the redshift of electromagnetic waves (which we do observe), is there any other evidence of space expansion that is not based on redshift? If not, is there a theoretical experiment that could let us observe and measure space expansion? Here I am assuming that space is not just...

Hi all, I was hoping you could help me out with this one. Im trying to calculate the redshift or blueshift of a photon that strikes a mirror and reflects. I know E=pc, and that 2p is the momentum transfer. I also know that kinetic energy is 2p/M (of the mirror). However, this says that...

So the prof shows us how to tell if an object is red shifted, by comparing two spectra (i assume of the same object). The emission lines had similar gaps but were shifted right, therefore moving away from us. How can you obtain two different spectra of the same object if it's constantly moving...

Wikipedia gives the redshift of recombination at z = 1500 (roughly 4,000 K). The Plank report list a 'redshift for which the optical length equals unity' and gives a value of 1090. What is the difference between the two?

In the emission theory of light, light waves can move at any speed. We can still apply the Doppler effect, but to the best of my knowledge, only the frequency changes, not the wavelength. The pattern for a diffraction grating only depends on the wavelength right? And we have observed...

NOTE: This is NOT a homework problem. I created this one myself based on some problems I have seen, with specific numbers used to make calculation clean and easy. Tl/dr version: in a round trip to a star, will the "moving clock" run slower on the way there but faster on the way back due to the...

I start with the spatially flat FRW metric in conformal co-ordinates: $$ds^2=a^2(\eta)(d\eta^2-dx^2-dy^2-dz^2)$$ This metric has the following non-zero Christoffel symbols: \begin{eqnarray*} \Gamma^0_{\alpha \beta} &=& \frac{\dot{a}}{a} \delta_{\alpha \beta} \\ \Gamma^i_{0j} &=& \Gamma^i_{j0} =...