Variables Definition and 1000 Threads

Hi all, I am looking for clarification on what is probably a pretty basic change of variables between a few lines in the following paper: https://journals.aps.org/prd/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevD.34.1326 Equation (9) shows the differential cross section for a Bremsstrahlung process which...

the solution for the infinite num case the problem is that i only could reach the condition that the coefficients are zero when i substituted n=0 , i am reaching two independent variables i am not sure what am i doing wrong that's preventing me from getting a similar result to them "that...

Hello, I found this paper by Tim Palmer really interesting, about trying to develop a determinist, hidden variables model that doesn't need 'conspiracy' to explain away experimental results around entanglement...

Hi, I'm missing the jump between these steps. Why should integrands with different variables be able to use the pythagorean identity? The substitution used was u = 4 - x and the bounds remain the same. Any help appreciated thanks.

(Yes, I'm guilty of passing along something incomplete and of utterly unknown provenance that someone saw somewhere and didn't understand. I feel dirty.) ∀t(T(x,t)⟹(¬H(x,t)∨H(x,t+Δt))) Certainly, without specifying any of the variables, it's got to be useless. At least we can assume t and Δt...

Okay, so we have that $$dU = \left( \frac{\partial U}{\partial V} \right)_S dV + \left( \frac{\partial U}{\partial S} \right)_V dS$$ And comparing that to the first law, we get that $$T=\left(\frac{\partial U}{\partial S}\right)_V$$. Comparing expressions of ##T##...

TL;DR Summary: i want to understand the concept. i denote the students as X, 0.1X students passed all topics 0.1X students did not pass any topics 0.80X remaining students 0.2*0.80X students passed in one topic 0.25*0.80X students passed in 2 topics only 0.24*0.80X students passed in 4 topics...

Hi; given the equation ydy/dx=x^2 how is the chain rule applied to result in ydy =x^2dx? Thanks

As you all know, one can predict violations of Bell's inequality and the CHSH inequality using standard quantum theory. I am curious as to whether Bohm's hidden variables theory can also predict these violations. I have heard many times that Bohm's theory makes all of the same predictions as...

Hi everyone; hope you are well. I have a small question: As far as I have searched, for example we can make integer variable defined outside the for loop private for multiple threads, but is it also possible to apply this situation for an integer pointer defined outside the for loop? I mean if a...

Hello, According to https://www.fico.com/fico-xpress-optimization/docs/latest/mipform/dhtml/chap2s1.html?scroll=ssecabsval the formula for absolute values are : y = | x1 - x2| for two variables x1, x2 with 0 ≤ xi ≤ U Introduce binary variables d1, d2 to mean d1 : 1 if x1 - x2 is the positive...

Hello everyone, If I have an integral ##\int_0^r \sqrt{(r^2 - x^2)}dx## and I'm integrating across the first quadrant to get the area of the first quater of a circle. And I change variables with ##x = r\cos{\theta}## and ##dx = -{r}\sin{\theta}{d\theta}## And I form a new integral that's...

$$\begin{align*} E[(A+B)^2]&=E[A^2+2AB+B^2]\\ &=E[A^2]+2E[AB]+E[B^2]\\ &=2E[AB]+E[B^2]. \end{align*}$$ Can the terms ##2E[AB]## and ##E[B^2]## be simplified any more? Thanks, friends.

By rewriting, for example, f(x)=2x+3, as y=2x+3, are we simply stating that something = 2x+3; and in the first case we’re calling that something f(x), and in the second case we’re calling it y? Does the y have anything to do with the y axis as in x,y coordinates axes? Or is just a randomly...

I've attached an example here.

Here is the equation I obtain after simplification, I don't know if it is correct: gmc * V1 + s * C2 * Vout = [{s * (C1 + C2) * ro2 + 1} * Vout - s * C1 * ro2 * V1] * (s * rb * C2 + 1) / {ro2 * rb * (s * C2 - gm2)} I need to eliminate V1 to find the relation between Vin and Vout.

This model diagram is possible when index0/index1=index1/index2=radius2/radius1 for the model's variables. 30 degree wave into a sphere. Reminded me of something out of that old science fiction movie, The Day the Earth Stood Still...

I vaguely (strong word there because I can no longer remember the source, but the idea sticks in my head for 30 years now) recall reading (somewhere long forgotten) that method of separation of variables is possible in only 11 coordinate systems. I list them below: 1.Cartesian coordinates...

Now i just need some clarification; we know that quadratic equations are equations of the form ##y=ax^2+bx+c## with ##a,b## and ##c## being constants and ##x## and ##y## variables. Now my question is... can we also view/look at ##x=y^2+2y+1## as quadratic equations having switched the...

The first step seems easy: computation of the $\theta$ and $\overline{\theta}$ integrals give $$Z[w] = \frac{1}{(2\pi)^{n/2}}\int d^n x \: \det(\partial_j w_i(x)) \exp{\left(-\frac{1}{2}w_i(x)w_i(x)\right)}.$$ From here, I tried using that $$\det(\partial_j w_i (x)) = \det\left(\partial_j w_i...

Hello, Ordinal variables (see Likert scale) can be labelled using numbers and ranked by those numbers. However, the difference between category 2 and category 3 may not be exactly be the same as the difference between category 4 and 5. That said, I noticed that in social science ordinal...

Problem: Solution: When I looked at an example problem, they started writing the potential in terms of the Legendre polynomials. The example problem: This is what I did: $$V_0 \alpha P_2 (\cos(\theta)) \Rightarrow \frac{\alpha 3 \cos ^2 (\theta)}{2} - \frac{\alpha}{2} \Rightarrow \frac{\alpha...

In my opinion, answer to (a) is ## \mathbb{E} [N] = p^{-4}q^{-3} + p^{-2}q^{-1} + 2p^{-1} ## In answer to (b), XN is wrong. It should be XN=p-4q-3 - p-3 q-2- p-2 q-1 - p-1. This might be a typographical error. Is my answer to (a) correct?

For this, I am not sure what the '2nd and 5th the variables' are. Dose someone please know whether the free variables ##2, 0, 0## from the second column and ##5, 8, \pi##? Or are there only allowed to be one free variable for each column so ##2## and ##5## for the respective columns. Also...

using the equation ##u(x,y)=f(x)g(y)##, first, I substitute the value of ##u_{xx}## and ##u_{yy}## in the given PDE. after that solve the ODEs but I can't understand about the ##u_{t}##.In my solution, I put ##u_{t}=0## because u is only the function of x and y. Is it the right approach, to me...

Hello R users, My general understanding is that, in R, nominal categorical variables (with 2 or more levels) must be first converted into factors and THEN to dummy variables (k-1 dummy variables for k levels). Is that correct? Once we accomplish categorical variable -> factor -> dummy...

Let ##P(x,y)## be a multivariable polynomial equation given by $$P(x,y)=52+50x^{2}-20x(1+12y)+8y(31+61y)+(1+2y)(-120+124+488y)=0,$$ which is zero at ##q=\left(-1, -\frac{1}{2}\right)##. That is to say, $$ P(q)=P\left(-1, -\frac{1}{2}\right)=0.$$ My doubts relie on the multiplicity of this point...

Hi, I have a basic understanding of quantum physics. I was reading a Wikipedia article on hidden variables, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidden-variable_theory . The article says the following. I was confused about the words "local" and "nonlocal" in the quote above so I checked out another...

Hi! I understand that this is an expanded Riemann sum but I'm having trouble determining its original form. I don't actually have any ideas as to how to find it, but I know that once I determine the original form of the Riemann sum, I will be able to figure out the values for a, b, and f. If...

I want to do this integral in the picture: where r1 and a are constants. I know I can integrate each part separately. There will be an integral with respect to r2 multiplied by integral with respect to theta2 and the last one with respect to phi2. But the term under square root confuses me. Can...

My PDE: F,x,t + A(x)*F(x,t)*[(x+t)^(-3/2)] = 0 A(x) is a known function of x. Trying to separate F(x,t) like F(x,t) = F1(x)*F2(t)*F3(x+t). I’m getting desperate to solve, any suggestions??

Suppose the EPR* concept were true as it would be applied to entangled photon polarization. (Please note: I am not saying it is.) They thought QM was incomplete, because there must exist "elements of reality" (hidden variables) that supplied the highly correlated results on entangled particle...

Hello, In the context of categorical variables, a frequency table which gives us the count (aka frequency) for each level of the categorical variable. Count is a number telling us how many times a specific level occurs. A bar-chart handles a single categorical variable (nominal or ordinal) with...

Hi, I had to calculate the entropy in a task of a lattice gas and derive a formula for the pressure from it and got the following $$P=\frac{k_b T}{a_0}\Bigl[ \ln(\frac{L}{a_0}-N(n-1)-\ln(\frac{L}{a_0}-nN) \Bigr]$$ But now I am supposed to calculate the following limit $$\lim\limits_{a_0...

If some variables of a logistic regression models are non significant, should they be considered for a risk index calculation? Should the logistic model include only relevant variables? Thanks for the attention.

Hello, I have a question about linear regression models and correlation. My understanding is that our finite set of data ##(x,y)## represents a random sample from a much larger population. Each pair is an observation in the sample. We find, using OLS, the best fit line and its coefficients and...

Is Loop quantum gravity canonical quantization of Ashtekar's new variables correct ? if not in principle is there any particular ways to canonical quantization of Ashtekar's new variables ? are there other methods to quantization of Ashtekar's new variables ?

Hello, I am generally clear on the distinction between numerical and nonnumerical (also called categorical or qualitative) variables but I still have some doubts in some regards. A numerical variable (continuous or discrete) has a value that derives from a measurement procedure (using a tool)...

Let ##\{X_n\}## be a sequence of integrable, real random variables on a probability space ##(\Omega, \mathscr{F}, \mathbb{P})## that converges in probability to an integrable random variable ##X## on ##\Omega##. Suppose ##\mathbb{E}(\sqrt{1 + X_n^2}) \to \mathbb{E}(\sqrt{1 + X^2})## as ##n\to...

In Greiner's Classical Electromagnetism book (page 126) he has a derivation equivalent to the following. $$\int_V d^3r^{'} \nabla \int_V d^3r^{''}\frac {f(\bf r^{''})}{|\bf r + \bf r^{'}- \bf r^{''}|}$$ $$ \bf z = \bf r^{''} - \bf r^{'} $$ $$\int_V d^3r^{'} \nabla \int_V d^3z \frac {f(\bf z +...

I've came across the two following theorems in my studies of Probability Generating Functions: Theorem 1: Suppose ##X_1, ... , X_n## are independent random variables, and let ##Y = X_1 + ... + X_n##. Then, ##G_Y(s) = \prod_{i=1}^n G_{X_i}(s)## Theorem 2: Let ##X_1, X_2, ...## be a sequence of...

Hello all, I am wondering if my approach is correct for the following problem on MSE estimation/linear prediction on a zero-mean random variable. My final answer would be c1 = 1, c2 = 0, and c3 = 1. If my approach is incorrect, I certainly appreciate some guidance on the problem. Thank you...

Attempt at Solution:: ##m_2## is chosen as reference frame and FBD is drawn as shown above. We get the following equations: From ##m_1## by choosing axes along and perpendicular to acceleration of ##m_1## w.r.t ##m_2## (##a'##): $$ m_1 a' + m_1 a \cos{\theta} + m_1 g \sin{\theta} = N_1...

Find the real solutions for ##\sqrt{z-y^2-6x-26}+x^2+6y+z-8=0##.

Hello, I would like to confirm my answers to the following random variables question. Would anyone be willing to provide feedback and see if I'm on the right track? Thank you in advance. My attempt:

Hey all, I am currently struggling with a change of variables step in my calculations. Suppose the solutions ##f_{1}(x)## and ##f_{2}(x)## of the following system of differential equations is known: Now the system I wish to solve is: Upon first glance, it seems that the association ##f_{2}(-x)...

Hello all, I would like to check my understanding and get some assistance with last part of the following question, please. For part (d), would I use f(x | y) = f(x, y) / f(y) ? Problem statement: My attempt at a solution, not too confident in my set-up for part (d). I drew a sketch of the...

Hello all, I am wondering if my approach is coreect for the following probability question? I believe the joint PDF would be 1 given that the point is chosen from the unit square. To me, this question can be reduced down to finding the area of 1/4 of a circle with radius 1. Any help is appreciated!

On ##x\in{(-1,1)}##, ##x\in{\mathbb{R}}##, ##\forall{n\in{\mathbb{N}}}##, ##x^{|2n|}=O(x^{|2n+1|})## Sugestions? Any answer is wellcome! Greetings, PF