(2)6 v vs (1) 12 v, amp hours

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Two 6-volt batteries in series typically have a higher amp-hour capacity than a single 12-volt battery due to the total capacity of the two batteries being greater, assuming equal mass and technology. The design and manufacturing parameters of the batteries can also influence their performance. Heat dissipation may be slightly better with two smaller batteries compared to one larger battery, but this difference is usually negligible. If a notable capacity difference is observed, it is likely due to variations in battery technology or design. Overall, the amp-hour capacity should remain consistent across similar battery types.
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Why do two 6 volt batteries in series usually have more amphours then a single 12 volt battery?
 
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I can't say as I've noticed this myself, but it seems likely that the probable answer--assuming your premise is correct--is that the total capacity of the two 6-V batteries is greater than that of the 12-V one.
 
All else being equal (total battery mass, not counting packaging, of two 6V batteries being the same as the one 12V, same battery technology, same manufacturing design of cells, etc.) there is no reason the storage capacity would be different. There might be some subtle practical reasons that make them slightly different, like heat dissipation being a little better with two smaller batteries than one big battery, but it wouldn't be a notable difference. If you have an example of a notable difference, then I would strongly suspect its a different technology, notably different design parameters, etc..
 

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