A qustion that my solution differs from the answer of the book

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You are misreading the question. They are not asking you to find vector v such that T-1= b. The "-1" is a sub script, not superscript. They have defined Ta and asked you to solve T-1v= b. In other words, Ta with a= -1. Just row reduce the augmented matrix with A itself,, not A inverse.

By the way, if they were asking you to solve A-1v= b when they had given you A, you certainly should not find A-1 and then solve the equation! If you know A, the you know that AA-1v= v= Ab. Just multiply vector b by A.
 
There are two things I don't understand about this problem. First, when finding the nth root of a number, there should in theory be n solutions. However, the formula produces n+1 roots. Here is how. The first root is simply ##\left(r\right)^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)}##. Then you multiply this first root by n additional expressions given by the formula, as you go through k=0,1,...n-1. So you end up with n+1 roots, which cannot be correct. Let me illustrate what I mean. For this...
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