AC Circuit with Source Transformation; find Thevenin equivalent

In summary: = ( -320000Ω3 + 240000Ω3j + 480000Ω3)/(-1600Ω2 - 3200Ω2j + 3200Ω2j + 6400Ω2)= ( -800000Ω3 + 240000Ω3j )/(-4800Ω2j + 8000Ω2)= ( -80/4800 - 4800/8000 )Ω3 + ( 24/4800 - 240/8000 )Ω3j= -0.0166Ω3 + (-0.005Ω3)j= -0.016
  • #1
Color_of_Cyan
386
0

Homework Statement




Use source transformation to find the Thevenin equivalent circuit with respect to terminals, a, b.


[Broken]



Homework Equations



Voltage Division: (V in)*(R1/R1+R2)


Thevenin / Norton / source transformation procedures

RTh = RNo

VTh = INo*RNo


Polar Form conversion:

Z = (R2 + X2)1/2

θ = arctan(j / R)


For Complex numbers:

j*j = -1

1/j = -j


The Attempt at a Solution




I simplified the circuit to this first:


[Broken]


For source transformation, you find VTh by removing the load and then finding the drop from A back to the source right?

And you find RTh by finding the eq resistance from A to B with the voltage source suppressed right?



So trying to get VTh for the final answer, I think I do this:

[Broken]

because I'll want the drop from A right?




so for VTh:



(200∠0deg)V* [(50Ω+60Ωj)/(80Ω-40Ωj)]
in polar form is


(200∠0deg)V* [ (78.1∠50.1)/(61.4∠26.5) ]

= (254∠23.6deg)V


So I think the drop from A is

(200∠0)V - (254∠23.6deg)V

-> VTh = (-54 ∠ -23.6 deg)V



Now for RTh:


RTh = [ (1/80Ω + 60Ωj) + (-1/100Ωj) ]-1
so


= (100Ωj - 80Ω - 60Ω)/(8000Ωj2j + 6000Ω2j2)


=[ (40Ωj - 80Ω)/(8000Ω2j - 6000Ω2) ] * [ (-8000Ω2j - 6000Ω2)/-8000Ω2j - 6000Ω2) ]


= (-320000Ω3j2 - 240000Ω3j + 640000Ω3j + 480000Ω3) / (-64000000Ω4j2 + 36000000Ω4)


= [(80 x 1043 + (40 x 1043]/(100 x 106Ω4


RTh = 0.008Ω + 0.004Ωj




If I did anything wrong, I hope I am on the right track at least?? Thank you
 
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  • #2
The final results that you've obtained are not good.

Your first simplification is okay, but you can simplify it further by noting that you can form the Thevenin equivalent that combines the rest of the impedances except the capacitor into a single Thevenin impedance. In the figure below, that would be the Thevenin equivalent for everything left of the red arrow.

attachment.php?attachmentid=59138&stc=1&d=1369865448.gif


Then you have a voltage divider situation:

attachment.php?attachmentid=59139&stc=1&d=1369865541.gif


and finding the Thevenin equivalent of that should be straight forward.
 

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  • #3
Wow, I sure missed that hard.

I still may need more help with source transformation itself.

To find the Thevenin Voltage now for this, you find the voltage across the top impedance (80Ω + 60Ωj) ?

So with voltage division that would be

= 200∠0*(80+60j/80-40j)

=> 200∠0*(100∠36.8 / 89.4∠-26.5)

= (223∠63.3)V ?

(Which looks strange since the magnitude of this is higher than that of the source)
 
  • #4
Color_of_Cyan said:
Wow, I sure missed that hard.

I still may need more help with source transformation itself.

To find the Thevenin Voltage now for this, you find the voltage across the top impedance (80Ω + 60Ωj) ?
Which impedance is a-b across?
So with voltage division that would be

= 200∠0*(80+60j/80-40j)

=> 200∠0*(100∠36.8 / 89.4∠-26.5)

= (223∠63.3)V ?

(Which looks strange since the magnitude of this is higher than that of the source)
While that's the wrong impedance to be taking the voltage across, it is not strange to find voltages in an RLC circuit that are higher than the source voltage. This is due to resonance effects (energy storage and swapping between the L and C components).
 
  • #5
Okay, that is helpful to know, even though I did wrong impedance. So then the Thevenin voltage is:

200∠0*(0 -100j/80-40j)

=> 200∠0*(100∠ -90 / 89.4 ∠ -26.5 )

= (2.23∠-63.5)V ? By the way, I had for finding polar form of the -100j capacitor arctan(-100/0), can i just take limit instead so you avoid dividing by 0 (because there is no real resistance component)?
 
  • #6
Color_of_Cyan said:
Okay, that is helpful to know, even though I did wrong impedance.


So then the Thevenin voltage is:

200∠0*(0 -100j/80-40j)

=> 200∠0*(100∠ -90 / 89.4 ∠ -26.5 )

= (2.23∠-63.5)V ?
The angle looks good, but I think you've lost a factor of 100 on the magnitude.
By the way, I had for finding polar form of the -100j capacitor arctan(-100/0), can i just take limit instead so you avoid dividing by 0 (because there is no real resistance component)?
You could, but it's probably easier to simply recognize that any vector on the imaginary axis of the complex plane must have an angle of ±##\pi/2##.
 
  • #7
So the Thevenin voltage is

= (223∠-63.5)V then. This still looks really similar for the other impedance too though. The Thevenin resistance (impedance) is still basically finding [ (1/80Ω + 60Ωj) + (-1/100Ωj) ]-1 also, right?
 
  • #8
Color_of_Cyan said:
So the Thevenin voltage is

= (223∠-63.5)V then.


This still looks really similar for the other impedance too though.
Yup. A coincidence due to choice of component values.
The Thevenin resistance (impedance) is still basically finding [ (1/80Ω + 60Ωj) + (-1/100Ωj) ]-1 also, right?

Yup.
 
  • #9
I redid that for the Thevenin resistance now and got nearly the exact same answer as before, (except off by a factor of 10 for the final answer.)I got

RTh = 0.08Ω + 0.04Ωj
 
  • #10
No, your Rth is not right. It should be much larger in magnitude.
 
  • #11
Oh no, I forgot to divide the ^-1 power out so it was actually 1/(0.08Ω + 0.04Ωj) all along. My bad. so

RTh = 12.5Ω + 25Ωj ?
 
  • #12
Color_of_Cyan said:
Oh no, I forgot to divide the ^-1 power out so it was actually 1/(0.08Ω + 0.04Ωj) all along. My bad.


so

RTh = 12.5Ω + 25Ωj ?
No, that's still to small in magnitude.

You have (80 + j60)Ω in parallel with -j100Ω. Show your work, one step at a time and annotate it with what you're doing for each step.
 
  • #13
Okay. It seems I did make another mistake with forgetting to flip over the fraction from parallel before multiplying conjugate, so I did it again and will type out everything and all the zeroes here too to be sure:RTh = [ (1/80Ω + 60Ωj) + (-1/100Ωj) ]-1 = (100Ωj - 80Ωj - 60Ωj)/(8000Ω2j + 6000Ω2j2) , adding fractions, and disregarding the whole thing to the power of -1 for now. = (40Ωj - 80Ω)/(8000Ω2j - 6000Ω2) , simplifying the fraction, 100 - 60 on top, simplifying j*j for denominator,Switching them around now because it was to the power -1 becomes

= (8000Ω2j - 6000Ω2)/(40Ωj - 80Ω)

Multiplying by opposite complex conjugate now means:

= (8000Ω2j - 6000Ω2)/(40Ωj - 80Ω) * (-40Ωj - 80Ω)/(-40Ωj - 80Ω)= ( -320000Ω3j2 - 640000Ω3j + 240000Ω3j + 480000Ω3)/(-1600Ω2j2 - 3200Ω2j + 3200Ω2j + 6400Ω2)Simplifying j*j = -1 means= (320000Ω3j + 640000Ω3j + 240000Ω3j + 480000Ω3)/(1600Ω2 - 3200Ω2j + 3200Ω2j + 6400Ω2)Now dividing out 100 from everything means= (100/100) * (3200Ω3j + 6400Ω3j+ 2400Ω3j + 4800Ω3)/(16Ω2 - 32Ω2j + 32Ω2j + 64Ω2)Combining like terms now means:= (8000Ω3 + 8800Ω3j)/80Ω2

which reduces to

100Ω + 110Ωj
 
  • #14
Color_of_Cyan said:
Okay. It seems I did make another mistake with forgetting to flip over the fraction from parallel before multiplying conjugate, so I did it again and will type out everything and all the zeroes here too to be sure:


RTh = [ (1/80Ω + 60Ωj) + (-1/100Ωj) ]-1


= (100Ωj - 80Ωj - 60Ωj)/(8000Ω2j + 6000Ω2j2) , adding fractions, and disregarding the whole thing to the power of -1 for now.
The -80Ω term in the numerator should not be imaginary.
= (40Ωj - 80Ω)/(8000Ω2j - 6000Ω2) , simplifying the fraction, 100 - 60 on top, simplifying j*j for denominator,


Switching them around now because it was to the power -1 becomes

= (8000Ω2j - 6000Ω2)/(40Ωj - 80Ω)
Okay so far.
Multiplying by opposite complex conjugate now means:

= (8000Ω2j - 6000Ω2)/(40Ωj - 80Ω) * (-40Ωj - 80Ω)/(-40Ωj - 80Ω)


= ( -320000Ω3j2 - 640000Ω3j + 240000Ω3j + 480000Ω3)/(-1600Ω2j2 - 3200Ω2j + 3200Ω2j + 6400Ω2)


Simplifying j*j = -1 means


= (320000Ω3j + 640000Ω3j + 240000Ω3j + 480000Ω3)/(1600Ω2 - 3200Ω2j + 3200Ω2j + 6400Ω2)
There should be no "j" left on the 320000Ω3 term, since j*j = -1 as you stated above.

You should combine all the like terms at this point to simplify to a complex#/complex# form. You should get:
$$\frac{(800000 - 400000j)Ω^3}{8000Ω^2}$$
Then, since the denominator is purely real, divide the numerator terms accordingly.
 
  • #15
I'm doing it on paper too (although in pen) and I still left out the j on the term when I added it, but I changed the sign on the 640000Ω3 for no reason there by mistake on the second line you quoted so it's really


(320000Ω3 - 640000Ω3j + 240000Ω3j + 480000Ω3)/(1600Ω2 - 3200Ω2j + 3200Ω2j + 6400Ω2)Now it simplies to

(100/100)* (8000Ω3 - 4000Ω3j)/80Ω2like you saidSo RTh = 100Ω - 50ΩjThanks again for being patient with me.
 

1. What is a source transformation in AC circuits?

A source transformation is a technique used in AC circuit analysis to simplify a circuit by converting a voltage source and a series impedance into a current source and a parallel impedance, or vice versa. This allows for easier calculation of circuit parameters such as Thevenin equivalent resistance and voltage.

2. How is Thevenin equivalent voltage calculated in an AC circuit with source transformation?

The Thevenin equivalent voltage is calculated by finding the open-circuit voltage at the load terminals of the original circuit. This can be done by applying source transformations to simplify the circuit and then using standard voltage division equations to find the voltage at the load terminals.

3. Can source transformation be applied to any AC circuit?

Yes, source transformation can be applied to any AC circuit as long as the circuit contains a voltage source and a series impedance, or a current source and a parallel impedance. These are the two types of source combinations that can be transformed into each other.

4. Why is it useful to find the Thevenin equivalent in an AC circuit?

Finding the Thevenin equivalent of an AC circuit allows for easier analysis and understanding of the circuit. It simplifies the circuit to a single voltage source and a single resistance, making it easier to calculate parameters such as voltage, current, and power at any point in the circuit.

5. What are the limitations of using source transformation in AC circuits?

The main limitation of using source transformation is that it can only be applied to circuits that contain a single voltage source and a series impedance, or a single current source and a parallel impedance. Additionally, the technique may not be as useful for more complex circuits, as it can only simplify the circuit to a certain extent.

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