Alternating current (AC) is a type of electrical current that changes direction periodically, while direct current (DC) is a flow of electricity that moves in only one direction. This difference is due to the way the electrical charge is carried by the current. In AC, the charge changes direction, while in DC, it remains constant.
In most homes and buildings, both AC and DC currents are used. However, the main electricity supply that comes from power plants is AC. This is because AC can be easily converted to different voltages, making it more efficient for long-distance transmission. DC is typically used for smaller, specialized applications such as powering electronic devices.
AC is generated using a device called an alternator. An alternator consists of a rotating magnet inside a stationary coil of wire. As the magnet rotates, it creates a changing magnetic field, which in turn induces a current in the wire. This current alternates in direction, creating AC.
One of the main advantages of AC is its ability to be easily converted to different voltages using a transformer. This makes it more efficient for long-distance transmission and allows for the use of higher voltages, which reduces energy losses. Additionally, AC motors are simpler and more reliable compared to DC motors.
Both AC and DC currents can be dangerous if not handled properly. However, AC is more likely to cause electric shocks due to its higher voltage and the fact that the current periodically changes direction. DC, on the other hand, can cause muscle contractions, making it difficult to let go of an electrical source. It is important to always take proper precautions when working with any type of electrical current.