Adiabatic means there is no heat transfer into or out of the system. Isentropic means the process is reversible, but it might help to talk about examples of those processes.
Flow of gas through a pipe is restricted by shear forces against the walls, so pressure gradually decreases. This flow can be adiabatic if there is no heat transfer, but because the flow is not reversible (it does no work and we can't recover the original pressure and velocity of the gas further down the pipe) it isn't isentropic.
If we somehow (magically) eliminated frictional losses of a gas through the pipe and eliminated any heat transfer, the pressure and velocity would remain constant and would obey Bernoulli's equation. In this case, we could increase the pipe diameter so that velocity decreased. Further down the pipe we could reduce the diameter back to the original diameter and recover the gas velocity and static pressure per Bernoulli's. In this case, the gas flow is both adiabatic and isentropic. Something similar to this is important in determining
flow though a nozzle for example.
One of the most common processes that is modeled as isentropic is that of gas (or liquid) compression. Gas in a cylinder compressed by a piston has had work done to it. If there is no heat exchange with the environment, and assuming this is reversible (ie: no frictional flow losses), the gas could expand again and come back to it's original pressure and temperature which would be an isentropic process.
It's useful to look at how processes deviate from true adiabatic or isentropic to understand what other things are going on in a given process such as heat transfer or irreversible pressure losses due to flow restrictions.
Note that isentropic processes are always adiabatic but adiabatic processes aren't always isentropic.