Are the E and B fields in phase in an EM wave?

AI Thread Summary
In an electromagnetic (EM) wave, the electric (E) and magnetic (B) fields are depicted as mutually perpendicular and in phase, meaning their maximum values occur simultaneously. However, the discussion raises the point that the changing E field generates the B field and vice versa, suggesting that maximum values may not align. It is argued that the B field should peak when the E field is changing most rapidly, indicating a potential phase difference. The analogy with kinetic and potential energy in simple harmonic motion (SHM) further supports the idea of alternating energy storage between the E and B fields. Ultimately, while the classic representation shows E and B in phase, the time-dependent behavior of the fields suggests they may be out of phase when graphed at a single location.
john b
Messages
8
Reaction score
0
I keep looking at a sketch of the mutually perpendicular electric & magnetic fields in an EM wave. The sketch (and my text) says they are in phase, i.e. their maximum values occur simultaneously, ...

...but the discussion centers around the changing E field producing the B field and vice-versa. My gut tells me that the B field then should be a maximum when the E field is changing most rapidly, i.e. NOT at its max value. I think that discussion in the book also says that the energy is stored alternately in the E and B -- analogous with the kinetic and potential energy in SHM.

Both of these thoughts make me want to say that the maximum valuse should be out of phase -- where I am thinking incorrectly? Thanks
 
Physics news on Phys.org
When the E field changes the most rapidly with time, the magnetic field changes most rapidly along it direction of travel, and the converse.

\frac{\Delta E}{\Delta t} = \frac{\Delta B}{\Delta s}
 
Phrak said:
When the E field changes the most rapidly with time, the magnetic field changes most rapidly along it direction of travel, and the converse.

\frac{\Delta E}{\Delta t} = \frac{\Delta B}{\Delta s}

The classic picture I'm talking about is a graph of E & B on a x-y-z axis with the two sinosoidal curves in phase and perpendicular -- is it correct then to say, that the maximum values of E & B occur, at one instant, at the same locations along the Z axis but, if I graphed the fields at one location as a function of time, the maximum values would be 180deg out of phase?
 
I multiplied the values first without the error limit. Got 19.38. rounded it off to 2 significant figures since the given data has 2 significant figures. So = 19. For error I used the above formula. It comes out about 1.48. Now my question is. Should I write the answer as 19±1.5 (rounding 1.48 to 2 significant figures) OR should I write it as 19±1. So in short, should the error have same number of significant figures as the mean value or should it have the same number of decimal places as...
Thread 'A cylinder connected to a hanging mass'
Let's declare that for the cylinder, mass = M = 10 kg Radius = R = 4 m For the wall and the floor, Friction coeff = ##\mu## = 0.5 For the hanging mass, mass = m = 11 kg First, we divide the force according to their respective plane (x and y thing, correct me if I'm wrong) and according to which, cylinder or the hanging mass, they're working on. Force on the hanging mass $$mg - T = ma$$ Force(Cylinder) on y $$N_f + f_w - Mg = 0$$ Force(Cylinder) on x $$T + f_f - N_w = Ma$$ There's also...
Back
Top