Are the E and B fields in phase in an EM wave?

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SUMMARY

The electric (E) and magnetic (B) fields in an electromagnetic (EM) wave are indeed in phase, meaning their maximum values occur simultaneously along the direction of propagation. This is confirmed by the relationship between the changing E field and the induced B field, where the maximum E field does not coincide with the maximum rate of change of the E field. The energy in an EM wave oscillates between the E and B fields, analogous to kinetic and potential energy in simple harmonic motion (SHM). Therefore, while the fields are in phase spatially, their temporal behavior can lead to misunderstandings regarding their phase relationship.

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  • Understanding of electromagnetic wave theory
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john b
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I keep looking at a sketch of the mutually perpendicular electric & magnetic fields in an EM wave. The sketch (and my text) says they are in phase, i.e. their maximum values occur simultaneously, ...

...but the discussion centers around the changing E field producing the B field and vice-versa. My gut tells me that the B field then should be a maximum when the E field is changing most rapidly, i.e. NOT at its max value. I think that discussion in the book also says that the energy is stored alternately in the E and B -- analogous with the kinetic and potential energy in SHM.

Both of these thoughts make me want to say that the maximum valuse should be out of phase -- where I am thinking incorrectly? Thanks
 
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When the E field changes the most rapidly with time, the magnetic field changes most rapidly along it direction of travel, and the converse.

[tex]\frac{\Delta E}{\Delta t} = \frac{\Delta B}{\Delta s}[/tex]
 
Phrak said:
When the E field changes the most rapidly with time, the magnetic field changes most rapidly along it direction of travel, and the converse.

[tex]\frac{\Delta E}{\Delta t} = \frac{\Delta B}{\Delta s}[/tex]

The classic picture I'm talking about is a graph of E & B on a x-y-z axis with the two sinosoidal curves in phase and perpendicular -- is it correct then to say, that the maximum values of E & B occur, at one instant, at the same locations along the Z axis but, if I graphed the fields at one location as a function of time, the maximum values would be 180deg out of phase?
 

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