Astronomy: Speed at the edge of the galaxy

Click For Summary

Homework Help Overview

The discussion revolves around calculating the velocity of a star located at the edge of a galaxy, given the number of stars and the radius of the galaxy. The subject area is astronomy, specifically focusing on gravitational dynamics and stellar motion within a galactic context.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory, Assumption checking, Conceptual clarification

Approaches and Questions Raised

  • The original poster attempts to derive the velocity by making assumptions about the uniform distribution of stars and the forces acting on a star at the galaxy's edge. They raise questions about the integral needed to find the force on the star and express uncertainty about the implications of different mass distributions.

Discussion Status

Some participants have suggested looking into the Shell Theorem, indicating a potential direction for simplifying the problem. There is an ongoing exploration of how different mass distributions might affect the results, with no explicit consensus reached on the implications of these variations.

Contextual Notes

The original poster notes a specific challenge with an integral that Mathematica is unable to solve, highlighting a potential constraint in their approach. The discussion includes assumptions about the distribution of stars and the nature of gravitational forces in a galactic context.

razidan
Messages
75
Reaction score
1

Homework Statement


The number of stars in the galaxy is N=10^12 and the radius of the galaxy is Rgalaxy = 20 kPc
Let m be the average mass of a star in the galaxy.
what is the velocity of a star at the edge of the galaxy (relative to the center of the galaxy)

Homework Equations



The Attempt at a Solution


I had to make 2 assumptions here:
1) uniform distribution of stars, ## σ=\frac{Nm}{\pi R^2}## .
2) the star in question is at a distance of R+##\epsilon## from the center, and then take the limit of ##\epsilon ## goes to 1 light year (or any other distance that is way smaller then R).

In order to solve the question I need to find the force, F, on the star and solve ##F=\frac{mv^2}{R}## for v.

In order to find the force, one has to solve the integral ##F=Gmσ \int\limits_0^R\int_0^{2\pi}\frac{rdrd\theta}{(R+\epsilon)^2+r^2-2rRCos(\Theta)}##.
And that is where I'm stuck.
Ideas?

Thanks,
Raz.
 
Physics news on Phys.org
phyzguy said:
Try looking up the Shell Theorem.
Hmm... Haven't thought of that. But what if the distribution is exponential (##e##)? will the shell theorem still hold?
My intuition says that different distributions will result in different speeds.
 
The shell theorem always holds as long as the distribution is spherically symmetric.
 
phyzguy said:
The shell theorem always holds as long as the distribution is spherically symmetric.
Thanks. that simplifies things...
any ideas as to why Mathematica won't solve that integral, though?
 

Similar threads

  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
2K
Replies
4
Views
3K
  • · Replies 5 ·
Replies
5
Views
3K
  • · Replies 63 ·
3
Replies
63
Views
5K
  • · Replies 5 ·
Replies
5
Views
2K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
902
Replies
9
Views
3K
Replies
18
Views
5K
Replies
2
Views
2K
  • · Replies 5 ·
Replies
5
Views
4K