Beta decay - derive an expression relating source angle to energy

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on deriving an expression that relates the energy of beta particles emitted from a source to the angle of the apparatus in a Geiger-Müller (GM) tube setup. The key equations involved are the relativistic energy equation, E = m_{0}c^2 [\sqrt{1+(\frac{p}{m_{0}c})^2} - 1], and the relationship between radius and angle, r = \frac{R}{\tan(\frac{\Theta}{2})}. The user successfully combines these equations to arrive at E = m_{0}c^2 [\sqrt{1+(\frac{RqB}{m_{0}c\tan{\frac{\Theta}{2}}})^2} - 1], indicating the complexity of the calculations involved.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of relativistic physics, specifically kinetic energy equations.
  • Familiarity with the Geiger-Müller (GM) tube and its operational principles.
  • Knowledge of momentum and its relationship to force and radius in circular motion.
  • Basic trigonometry, particularly the tangent function and its application in physics.
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation of the relativistic energy equation in detail.
  • Learn about the principles of circular motion and how they apply to charged particles in magnetic fields.
  • Explore the concept of momentum in both classical and relativistic contexts.
  • Investigate the use of graphical representations to visualize particle trajectories in GM tube experiments.
USEFUL FOR

Physics students, researchers in particle physics, and anyone involved in experimental setups using Geiger-Müller tubes will benefit from this discussion.

Exulus
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Hi guys,
Need a spot of help as i can't seem to find where to go next :(
Ok, so there is a source which emits beta particles (currently unknown whether they are positrons or electrons). It can move at an angle +/- 90 degrees to the GM tube. I need to find an expression for the energy of the particles related to the angle the apparatus is at. Here are the equations given to me:
E = m_{0}c^2 [\sqrt{1+(\frac{p}{m_{0}c})^2} - 1] (1)
r = \frac{R}{\tan(\frac{\Theta}{2})} (2)

Where

r = the radius of the electron/positron circle.
R = the radius of the circle used for the source/GM tube setup.

I also have the following equation:

F = \frac{mv^2}{r} = qvB (3)

Combining (2) and (3) gives me:

\frac{R}{\tan(\frac{\Theta}{2})} = \frac{mv}{qB}

I can't see where to go next...any ideas? Cheers :)
 
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I can't picture the setup of the apparatus. Could you provide a sketch?
Until then, have you noticed that momentum (mv) is in both formulas (the formulas at the top and bottom of your post)?
 
oops, sure :)

http://img427.imageshack.us/img427/6121/scan1lu.jpg

I didnt notice that momentum was in both, silly mistake. Ok so if i do substitute in momentum it still seems like a bit of a hefty equation..i don't know if i can simplify it much?

Out of interest, could anyone break down the energy equation for me or hint towards what part is what? Apparently its both kinetic and potential energies in one but i can't really see how they got that. Thanks :)
 
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Yes it is hefty. This is where physics gets fun. Just take a deep breath, get all your values together and thank god you don't need to use a slide-rule anymore.

And the first formula is the kinetic energy formula for objects traveling at relativistic speeds. it has conveniently been put in terms of the object's momentum rather than speed.
 
ok I've now got this:

E = m_{0}c^2 [\sqrt{1+(\frac{RqB}{m_{0}c\tan{\frac{\Theta}{2}}})^2} - 1]

I take it that can't be simplified any further. Ack this is going to be hard to work out errors with!

Thanks for your help!
 
I've seen worse.
 

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