Can We Use Huckel's Rule to Determine Aromaticity in 1,4-Benzoquinone?

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The discussion centers on the application of Huckel's rule to determine the aromaticity of a specific compound, which is concluded to be non-aromatic due to the presence of only four pi electrons in the ring. Participants debate whether electrons from the C-O bond can contribute to the aromatic system and emphasize that such electrons cannot move into the ring. The importance of considering resonance structures is highlighted, particularly in relation to tautomerism, as it can influence the aromatic character of the compound. While Huckel's rule is deemed sufficient for basic analysis, the complexity of aromaticity is acknowledged, noting that it is not a strictly defined concept. The potential for a zwitterionic form that could exhibit aromaticity is mentioned, but it is recognized that this form is energetically unfavorable compared to the ground state, which lacks aromatic stabilization. Overall, the consensus is that the compound in its ground state does not possess aromatic characteristics.
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I am not sure how to use Huckel's rule to determine whether this compound is aromatic or not. It seems that inside the ring, there are only 4 pi electrons, and can the e- between C and oxygen move towards the ring?
 
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warenzeichen said:
can the e- between C and oxygen move towards the ring?

I'll give you a hint: They can't.
 
when we count the no of pi e- , don't we consider the "possible resonance" structure?
Also, can we say this is a "fully delocalized" system?
 
but for C=O , is it possible for us to draw as -C-O+ for prediction( although C is less electronegative than O)
for molecules with alternative resonance structure, do we need to consider all ?
 
Hueckels rule is derived from MO theory, why do you want to count resonance structures then?
 
so it is really inside the ring?
 
Certainly to some degree. But aromaticity is not a totally well defined concept and Hueckels rules can sometimes be misleading. What about a diamagnetic ring current? NMR shifts of the Carbons and Hydrogens? Are there any experimental results?
 
I wasn't anticipated to use extensive mathematics to explain simple molecules in intermediate organic chemistry courses. I think Huckel's rule is sufficient to explain them. But there are tautomers / one of the resonance structures . Hence, it is important to consider the structure to see if one of them got aromaticity in one structure (e.g. keto-enol tautomerism)


anyway, the compound is not aromatic.
 
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warenzeichen said:
I wasn't anticipated to use extensive mathematics to explain simple molecules in intermediate organic chemistry courses. I think Huckel's rule is sufficient to explain them. But there are tautomers / one of the resonance structures . Hence, it is important to consider the structure to see if one of them got aromaticity in one structure (e.g. keto-enol tautomerism)


anyway, the compound is not aromatic.

If you were to produce the correct tautomer, you would have a zwitterion where the formal charges were on the oxygens. In that case the ring itself would be aromatic. But if you consider the ground state, it isn't. That zwitterion is waay higher in energy than the rather modest aromatic stabilization energy you get as a result of shuffling the electrons into just the right locations.
 
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