Chebyshev's Theorem: Analyzing Investment Portfolio Risk

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Bonds can reduce the overall risk of an investment portfolio, as demonstrated by comparing the annual returns of the Vanguard Total Stock Index and the Vanguard Balanced Index. The discussion involves calculating the expected values, variances, and standard deviations for both investment types. A key point is the application of Chebyshev's theorem to compute a 75% confidence interval around the mean returns. The theorem indicates that to include at least 75% of the data values, one must consider a specific number of standard deviations from the mean. Understanding these calculations is essential for analyzing investment risk effectively.
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1. do bonds reduce the overall risk of an investment portfolio? let x be a random variable representing annual % return for Vangaurd Total Stock Index (all stocks). Let y be a random variable representing annual return for Vangaurd Balanced Index(60% stock and 40% bond). For the past several years we have the following data.

x: 11 0 36 21 31 23 24 -11 -11 -21
y: 10 -2 29 14 22 18 14 -2 -3 -10

a.) Compare Ex, Ex2, Ey and Ey2 (2 = squared)

b.) use results in part (a) to compute the sample mean, variance, and standard deviation for x and for y.

c.) Compute a 75 % Chebyshev interval about the mean for x values and also for y values. Use interval to compare funds.

I was able to do part a & b but have no idea what they want for c. i do have the answer but i am not sure what they used to get the answer.



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What is a Chebyshev interval?
 
There are two possibilities - I'm not sure what level of work you're at.

First (and simplest): how many standard deviations around the mean does chebyshev's theorem say you must go to include 75% of the data values? (remember chebychev's theorem says the percentage of values between \bar x \pm ks is at least
1 - {1}/{k^2}.

Second (and more complicated) is the idea discussed at the following link:
http://www.quantdec.com/envstats/notes/class_12/ucl.htm

I'm guessing it is option 1 you need to use.
 
I picked up this problem from the Schaum's series book titled "College Mathematics" by Ayres/Schmidt. It is a solved problem in the book. But what surprised me was that the solution to this problem was given in one line without any explanation. I could, therefore, not understand how the given one-line solution was reached. The one-line solution in the book says: The equation is ##x \cos{\omega} +y \sin{\omega} - 5 = 0##, ##\omega## being the parameter. From my side, the only thing I could...

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