When comparing the strength of electromagnets and neodymium magnets at 4 oz and 12v, electromagnets generally scale better for larger applications, while neodymium magnets are preferable for smaller quantities. Electromagnets are not limited by voltage but by current, which can lead to overheating if not monitored, especially with a 2 Amp power supply. For applications exceeding 1 lb, using electromagnets with an iron core is recommended. Neodymium magnets are effective for lighter loads due to their strong magnetic properties. Overall, the choice between the two depends on the specific weight and application requirements.