Determining optimal barrel length for a projectile

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on determining the optimal barrel length for a firearm using a specific cartridge, particularly the M855 cartridge. Participants explore the balance between barrel length, propellant burn, projectile stabilization, and potential issues such as barrel whip.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory, Technical explanation, Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant inquires about a formula for optimal barrel length, noting the trade-offs between barrel length, propellant burn, and projectile stabilization.
  • The same participant suggests that while longer barrels may allow for complete propellant combustion and better stabilization, they may also introduce issues like barrel whip and diminishing returns in velocity.
  • Another participant suggests using search terms related to interior ballistics to find relevant information.
  • A third participant mentions that the Speer Reloading Manual contains information that could help in tuning loads to minimize group size.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants do not appear to reach a consensus on a specific formula or method for determining optimal barrel length, and multiple viewpoints regarding the factors influencing barrel length remain present.

Contextual Notes

The discussion does not address specific assumptions or limitations regarding the variables involved, such as rifling twist rates or the exact nature of the relationship between barrel length and projectile performance.

Rpbarry58
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Hello, I was wondering of anybody has a formula to determine the optimal barrel length for a firearm using a particular cartridge? For example, the M855 cartridge which has a 62gr. projectile and uses WC-844 propellant, which has a known burn rate etc.

The longer the barrel, the more susceptible to barrel "whip" the barrel would be; however, a longer barrel allows both the complete burning of the propellant as well as increased travel through the barrel's rifling which imparts spin on the projectile to stabilize it in flight...although I would think there would be a point of diminished returns where the friction of traveling down the barrel after peak pressure is achieved by the combustion of the propellant would perhaps slow the projectile down.

On the other hand, the shorter the barrel, the less "whip" should be encountered but the barrel must be of sufficient length to allow both complete burning of the propellant as well as allowing the rifling to impart enough spin on the projectile to stabilize it in flight.

For the aforementioned cartridge I used as an example...maximum velocity was apparently achieved with a barrel length of 20 inches, with an increasing drop in velocity with shorter barrel lengths.

I realize that this is ignoring rifling twist rates and other factors...I just am wondering if there is a formula out there which can be used to determine, to at least a ballpark value, optimal barrel length based on the specifics of a particular cartridge.
 
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Search engine is your friend. Try search terms interior ballistics to get started.
 
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Likes   Reactions: Dr.D and jedishrfu
Speer Reloading Manual has information on this, too. It is possible to tune a load such that you minimize group size.
 
Thank you for your replies.
 
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Likes   Reactions: berkeman

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