An E-field, or electric field, is a type of force field that is created by an electric charge or a changing magnetic field. It is a vector field, meaning it has both magnitude and direction, and it can exert a force on other electrically charged particles.
The trajectory of a charged particle in an E-field is affected by the direction and magnitude of the E-field. The particle will experience a force in the direction of the E-field, causing it to accelerate and change direction as it moves through the field.
The magnitude of an E-field can be calculated using the formula E = F/q, where E is the electric field strength, F is the force exerted on the particle, and q is the charge of the particle. This formula is known as Coulomb's Law.
Electric potential is a measure of the potential energy per unit charge at a particular point in an E-field. The direction of the E-field is always perpendicular to the equipotential lines, which are lines of constant electric potential.
E-fields have many practical applications, such as in electronics and power transmission. They are also used in medical imaging, such as in MRI machines, and in particle accelerators for research purposes. Additionally, E-fields are used in everyday objects like electric motors and generators.