Endpoint titration is a laboratory technique used to determine the concentration of a substance in a solution by adding a reagent of known concentration until the reaction reaches a definite endpoint. The endpoint is when the reaction is complete, and the solution has reached a specific color change or pH level. This allows for the calculation of the unknown concentration based on the known concentration and volume of the reagent used.
There are several types of endpoint titration, including acid-base titration, redox titration, complexometric titration, and precipitation titration. Each type uses a different type of reaction and indicator to reach the endpoint.
An indicator is a substance that changes color when the endpoint of a titration is reached. It is added to the solution being titrated and helps the scientist determine when the reaction is complete. Different indicators are used for different types of titrations.
The main sources of error in endpoint titration include inaccurate measurements of reagents, not adding enough indicator, incomplete reactions, and human error in reading the endpoint. It is essential to use precise and calibrated equipment and follow proper techniques to minimize errors.
Endpoint titration has various applications in the scientific field, including determining the concentration of acids and bases in a solution, analyzing water quality, and measuring the purity of chemicals. It is also used in pharmaceuticals to determine the concentration of active ingredients in medications.