To determine the mass of a planet with a given escape velocity and radius, the formula for escape velocity, v = sqrt(2GM/r), can be rearranged to find mass (M). By substituting the known values of escape velocity (3.60×10^4 m/s) and radius (8.30×10^7 m), one can calculate the mass using the gravitational constant (G). The discussion emphasizes the importance of understanding the underlying physics rather than just applying formulas. Providing context and explanations is crucial for effective learning. The conversation highlights the need for clarity in problem-solving approaches in physics.