What Determines the 0.2V Saturation Voltage in BJTs?

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The saturation voltage of a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) is commonly around 0.2V, but this is a rule of thumb rather than a fixed value. During saturation, the base is populated with majority carriers, leading to a reduction in barrier potential, which could suggest a voltage of 0V. However, factors such as the transistor's geometry, doping levels, current, and temperature can influence the actual saturation voltage (Vce(sat)). Variations in these parameters can result in different saturation voltages, meaning that 0.2V is not universally applicable. Understanding these influences is crucial for accurate transistor performance analysis.
mikey12
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Hi,
This is my first post in the forum. :)

Why is the saturation voltage of a transistor equal to 0.2 V? Why not a lesser value?
During saturation the base is filled with majority carriers and the barrier potential is absent. Hence the voltage should be 0V, right?
 
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