Fermi Energy in Intrinsic Si, Ge, and GaAs

In summary, using the values of the density of states effective masses me* and mh* in table 5.1, the position of the Fermi energy in intrinsic Si, Ge, and GaAs is approximately halfway between the edges of the valence and conduction bands. This varies slightly with temperature due to the - (3/4)kT⋅ln(me*/mh*) term. The equation to calculate the Fermi energy is EFi = Ev + (1/2)Eg - (3/4)kT⋅ln(me*/mh*), however, for this problem, the value of Ev can be ignored and the Fermi energy can be expressed as X above the valence band or
  • #1
NanoChrisK
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Homework Statement



Using the values of the density of states effective masses me* and mh* in table 5.1, find the position of the Fermi energy in intrinsic Si, Ge, and GaAs with respect to the middle of the bandgap (Eg/2).

Table 5.1 shows the following density of states effective masses me*/me and mh*/me:

me*/me:
Si: 1.08
Ge: 0.56
GaAs: 0.67

mh*/me:
Si: 0.60
Ge: 0.40
GaAs: 0.50

Homework Equations



Fermi energy for an intrinsic semiconductor:

EFi = Ev + (1/2)Eg - (3/4)kT⋅ln(me*/mh*)

The Attempt at a Solution



I believe understand the equation perfectly. The Fermi energy will be about half way between the edges of the valence and conduction bands, and will vary slightly with temperature depending on the - (3/4)kT⋅ln(me*/mh*) term. The problem I am having is determining the values for Ev to use in the equation. I can only think of three possible solutions:

- I am expected to give the answer in the form of "the Fermi energy for intrinsic Si is X above the valence band (or X below the conduction band)"

- I really am expected to look up the values for Ev in a table somewhere.

- I'm supposed to calculate Ev somehow with a different equation (which I am unfamiliar with).

Can someone please point me in the right direction?
 
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  • #2
Looking at the question more closely, I noticed it asks for the Fermi energy "with respect to the middle of the bandgap (Eg/2)." Does this mean that I can just ignore the Ev + (1/2)Eg - (3/4)kT part of the equation? I think this is the solution.
 

1. What is Fermi energy in intrinsic semiconductors like Si, Ge, and GaAs?

Fermi energy is the energy level that separates the occupied and unoccupied states in a material. In intrinsic semiconductors, the Fermi energy lies in the middle of the band gap, which means that there are equal numbers of electrons in the conduction band and holes in the valence band.

2. How is Fermi energy related to the band structure of semiconductors?

Fermi energy is closely related to the band structure of semiconductors. In an intrinsic semiconductor, the Fermi energy lies at the mid-point of the band gap, which is determined by the energy difference between the valence band and the conduction band. The position of the Fermi energy can also be affected by impurities or dopants in the material.

3. How does the Fermi energy change with temperature in intrinsic semiconductors?

Intrinsic semiconductors have a constant Fermi energy at absolute zero temperature. However, as the temperature increases, there is an increase in the number of thermally excited electrons in the conduction band, which shifts the Fermi energy towards the conduction band. This effect is more pronounced in materials with smaller band gaps, such as GaAs.

4. What is the significance of Fermi energy in semiconductor devices?

The position of the Fermi energy in a semiconductor can affect the electrical properties of the material and the performance of semiconductor devices. For example, in a p-n junction diode, the Fermi energy determines the direction of electron flow and the barrier height for electron injection.

5. How is Fermi energy calculated in intrinsic semiconductors?

Fermi energy can be calculated using the density of states in the conduction and valence bands, as well as the temperature and effective mass of the electrons and holes in the material. The Fermi-Dirac distribution function is often used to determine the distribution of electrons and holes at a given temperature, which in turn can be used to calculate the position of the Fermi energy.

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