Finding Area in Polar Coordinates

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SUMMARY

The area of the polar curve defined by r = 4cos(3θ) is calculated using the formula ∫ (from α to β) ½r²dθ. The correct substitution leads to A = ½ ∫ (from 0 to 2π) (16cos²(3θ))dθ, which simplifies to 72π. However, the correct area should be 4π due to errors in the integration limits and the handling of cos²(3θ). Key points include the average value of cos² over a period and the importance of not squaring the angle when applying trigonometric identities.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of polar coordinates and their area formulas
  • Knowledge of trigonometric identities, specifically cos²(θ)
  • Familiarity with definite integrals and integration techniques
  • Experience with calculus, particularly in evaluating integrals
NEXT STEPS
  • Review the integral of cos²(θ) using the identity cos²(θ) = (1 + cos(2θ))/2
  • Learn about the properties of polar coordinates and their applications in calculus
  • Study the concept of periodic functions and their average values over intervals
  • Practice solving area problems in polar coordinates with different functions
USEFUL FOR

Students and educators in mathematics, particularly those focusing on calculus and polar coordinates, as well as anyone looking to deepen their understanding of integration techniques in polar systems.

Kawrae
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The problem is to find the area of r = 4cos3θ.

I know the formula for finding the area in polar coordinates is ∫ (from α to β) ½r²dθ.

I substituted into this formula the given equation and got:
A = ½ ∫ (from 0 to 2π) (4cos3θ)²dθ
= ½ ∫ (from 0 to 2π) (16cos²9θ)dθ
= 8 [(9/2)θ + (9/4)sin18θ) |(2π - 0)]
= 8 (9π + 0)
= 72π

This answer seems really high and the answer in the books gives an answer of 4π... can someone help show me where exactly I am messing up? Thanks :)
 
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Something nice to remember is that cos and sin squared have an average value of 1/2 over a period of 2pi
 
Do not square 3*theta when you square the cosine function! Also you have gotten the integral (line 3 above) wrong, although it won't change your answer. Please look up the integral of cos^2 again. Finally, are you sure you are supposed to integrate from 0 to 2pi?
 

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