When integrating two spur gearboxes with different backlash values, the total backlash at the output can be calculated by multiplying the first gearbox's backlash by the input/output ratio of the second gearbox and then adding the second gearbox's backlash. This approach considers that backlash represents a small rotational movement of the first gearbox while its input shaft is static. The second gearbox's backlash is measured directly from its output shaft relative to a non-rotating input shaft. Understanding this relationship allows for accurate calculations of total backlash in gear assemblies. This method provides clarity on how backlash accumulates in a multi-stage gearbox system.