News Germany abandons nuclear power by 2022

[DevilsAvocado]

Looks like the glory days of nuclear power is over.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DG3Z5e9rfW0

http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2011-05-30-germany-nuclear-power_n.htm
http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/05/30/us-germany-nuclear-idUSTRE74Q2P120110530

Don’t know if this is a good or bad thing. Let’s hope that the alternative is more environmental than this:

An (over?)optimistic view is that this maybe will stress the solutions for renewable energy (or http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nord_Stream" will be a very wealthy country in the next decades).

 

[Al68]

Looks like the glory days of nuclear power is over.

Delayed, maybe. Certainly not over, since nuclear power's glory days are far in the future if at all.

Sure, we have enough oil and coal for a couple centuries, but assuming humans are still around, and still advancing, no known energy source can come close to sustaining us other than nuclear.

Eventually humans will recognize the real lesson from nuclear accidents, including the recent one in Japan: nuclear power plants designed decades ago have been safer by far than any other practical source of energy, and current designs are even much safer. And there is no practical alternative to power the advancement of the human race in the long run.

Nuclear power is in its infancy, centuries away from its glory days. The only long term alternative is to technologically stagnate and/or degrade.

 

[DevilsAvocado]

Delayed, maybe. Certainly not over, since nuclear power's glory days are far in the future if at all.

We are all free to have our visions of the future; no one can tell for sure what’s in the pipeline. However if one looks more closely at the reality, there are several factors pointing in opposite direction.

Japan is the third largest economy in the world and Germany is the fourth. To say that – what happened lately in these countries will not affect the future of nuclear power – is not convincing.

Furthermore Japan is (was?) a major producer/exporter and a leader in the http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_renaissance" . The core meltdown in 3 reactors in Fukushima I will of course have an effect on this:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_renaissance

In March 2011 the nuclear emergencies at Japan's Fukushima I Nuclear Power Plant and other nuclear facilities raised questions among some commentators over the future of the renaissance. Platts has reported that "the crisis at Japan's Fukushima nuclear plants has prompted leading energy-consuming countries to review the safety of their existing reactors and cast doubt on the speed and scale of planned expansions around the world". China, Germany, Switzerland, Israel, Malaysia, Thailand, United Kingdom, Italy and the Philippines are reviewing their nuclear power programs. Indonesia and Vietnam still plan to build nuclear power plants. Countries such as Australia, Austria, Denmark, Greece, Ireland, Luxembourg, Portugal, Israel, Malaysia, New Zealand, North Korea, and Norway remain opposed to nuclear power. Following the Fukushima I nuclear accidents, the International Energy Agency *halved* its estimate of additional nuclear generating capacity built by 2035.

Despite personal preferences, it’s the market and the economy that in the end decides what will be produced in the future.

Serious accidents and rapid changes in "costumer behavior" will have an effect on current cost of $/megawatt-hour, and will probably change the incitements on future investments:

Nancy Folbre, an economics professor at the University of Massachusetts, has questioned the economic viability of nuclear power following the 2011 Japanese nuclear accidents:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cost_of_nuclear#Accidents

The proven dangers of nuclear power amplify the economic risks of expanding reliance on it. Indeed, the stronger regulation and improved safety features for nuclear reactors called for in the wake of the Japanese disaster will almost certainly require costly provisions that may price it out of the market.

Sure, we have enough oil and coal for a couple centuries

Oil for a couple centuries? Do you have a reference? Or is this a personal speculation?

It seems like some very prominent persons have a slightly different view:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peak_oil

All the easy oil and gas in the world has pretty much been found. Now comes the harder work in finding and producing oil from more challenging environments and work areas.
— William J. Cummings, Exxon-Mobil company spokesman, December 2005

It is pretty clear that there is not much chance of finding any significant quantity of new cheap oil. Any new or unconventional oil is going to be expensive.
— Lord Ron Oxburgh, a former chairman of Shell, October 2008

[World] reserves are confused and in fact inflated. Many of the so-called reserves are in fact resources. They're not delineated, they're not accessible, they’re not available for production.
— Sadad I. Al-Husseini, former VP of Aramco, presentation to the Oil and Money conference, October 2007

Or do you mean that the price is negligible? Drive to work = $1000

Eventually humans will recognize the real lesson from nuclear accidents, including the recent one in Japan: nuclear power plants designed decades ago have been safer by far than any other practical source of energy, and current designs are even much safer.

Sure, it’s possible to build a 99.99% safe nuclear power plant, but then again, you might be missing the economy involved. One of the latest, biggest and safest; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olkiluoto_Nuclear_Power_Plant" in Finland looks promising:

But nothing is perfect, and there are controversies about safety and economy:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_renaissance

New reactors under construction in Finland and France, which were meant to lead a nuclear renaissance, have been delayed and are running over-budget


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cost_of_nuclear#New_plants_under_construction

The 1600 MWe EPR reactor is being built in Olkiluoto Nuclear Power Plant, Finland. A joint effort of French AREVA and German Siemens AG, it will be the largest pressurized water reactor (PWR) in the world. ... However, as of August 2009, the project is "more than three years behind schedule and at least 55% over budget, reaching a total cost estimate of €5 billion ($7 billion) or close to €3,100 ($4,400) per kilowatt".


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olkiluoto_Nuclear_Power_Plant

According to Professor Stephen Thomas, "Olkiluoto has become an example of all that can go wrong in economic terms with new reactors".[9] Areva and the utility involved "are in bitter dispute over who will bear the cost overruns and there is a real risk now that the utility will default". The project has also been criticized by the Finnish nuclear safety regulator, STUK, because "instructions have not been observed in the welding of pipes and the supervision of welding". STUK has also noted that there have been delays in submitting proper paperwork. Olkiluoto 3 was supposed to be the first "third generation" reactor which would pave the way for a new wave of identical reactors - safe, affordable, and delivered on time - across Europe. The delays and cost overruns have had knock-on effects in other countries.

Adding all this together, it’s quite hard for me to see the bright nuclear future you are talking about...

 

[Al68]

The core meltdown in 3 reactors in Fukushima I will of course have an effect on this..

Sure, and as was discussed in a couple of recent threads, nuclear power is the most dangerous way to make power in the world...except for all the other ways. Nuclear power is https://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?p=2882522#post2882522", contrary to popular misconceptions. But I have no interest in repeating those threads, so here are some links:
https://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?p=2882522#post2882522
https://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=482057
https://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=482076
https://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=480017

Oil for a couple centuries? Do you have a reference? Or is this a personal speculation?

Just a guess, as a reasonable best case scenario. But the specifics are irrelevant to my point, which was that oil and coal resources are limited in the long term. I think most would agree a few centuries at best. Many would say a couple centuries is too optimistic. Nuclear fuel as a practical matter is unlimited.

Sure, it’s possible to build a 99.99% safe nuclear power plant, but then again, you might be missing the economy involved.

Nope, you have missed my point. I wasn't referring to the economics of nuclear power today, I was referring to the economics of nuclear power after oil and coal supplies start thinning out.

By your own charts, nuclear power is already in the same ballpark as the others, while costs for oil and coal will only increase with dwindling supplies.

The cost of nuclear power, otoh, should be reasonably expected to drop dramatically with technological advancements. The fuel itself is already cheap and plentiful, as discussed in those other threads.

But the bottom line is that there is no long term alternative to meet our growing demand, short of some radical new technology.

 

[Shaun_W]

Germany is being incredibly unrealistic. What are they going to use instead? Coal? Gas? I hate knee-jerk reactions...

 

[Ivan Seeking]

By the time the nuclear industry recovers from this, we won't need it.

Carbon-neutral algae and bacterial-derived fuels, and solar power, are only a few years away from offerering complete and permanent options for energy. Once solar panels are cheap enough, which shouldn't be long given the current advances, even hydrogen become a viable option for fuel.

Note also that Netanyahu already announced his reservations about continuing with nuclear power.

"I don't think we are going to pursue civil nuclear energy in the coming years," Netanyahu said in a CNN interview airing later on Wednesday. Netanyahu said he had been a lot more enthusiastic about nuclear energy in the past than he is now.

Uncertainty over how the Japan crisis will play out is a "cloud" hanging over the world, he said...

http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/03/17/us-japan-nuclear-israel-idUSTRE72G9H220110317

 

[Al68]

By the time the nuclear industry recovers from this, we won't need it.

Well, that depends on whether irrational hysteria or reason and logic prevail. Honestly, my money's on the former at present. But eventually, the cold hard reality of the drastically higher inherent efficiency of nuclear power will prevail, even if it takes centuries. It's a shame that the living standards of the human race must pay the price for that inefficiency in the meantime.

Carbon-neutral algae and bacterial-derived fuels, and solar power, are only a few years away from offerering complete and permanent options for energy.

Well, of course they are. Don't bother trying to back up such a claim, we'll all just take your word for it.

 

[russ_watters]

Germany is being incredibly unrealistic. What are they going to use instead? Coal? Gas? I hate knee-jerk reactions...

Imported nuclear power!

The electricity supply in Germany has been the temporary closure of the seven oldest nuclear power plants rely more on imports from France. The Federal Republic has become the net exporter to net importer of electricity, says the Federal Association of Energy and Water.

http://economicsnewspaper.com/policy/german/electricity-from-france-germany-doubled-import-9194.html

...and coal power:

“the power flows from France and the Czech Republic have* doubled,” said Hildegard Müller BDEW boss. France has Europe by far the most nuclear reactors, they account for more than three-quarters of the electricity in the neighboring country. Czech Republic relies mainly on coal power plants and about one-quarter to nuclear power.

*assumed translation error fixed

I hate knee-jerk reactions...

Me too.

What will really determine how nuclear power does in the near future is how serious people get about global warming. If people decide that global warming is an issue worth doing something about, they'll have no choice but to massively expand nuclear power. I have my doubts, but some environmentalists are already beginning to come to the realization that they did more harm than good with one of their core causes.

 

[russ_watters]

By the time the nuclear industry recovers from this, we won't need it.

Perhaps, but I doubt it. Such things are difficult to predict.

Carbon-neutral algae and bacterial-derived fuels, and solar power, are only a few years away from offerering complete and permanent options for energy.

Perhaps, but I doubt it. Such things are difficult to predict.

People have been speculating that fusion was just a few years from commercialization since before I was born. I'll believe that about bio fuel when I see a plant of, say, 1,000 MW capacity, operating for a while.

Once solar panels are cheap enough...

I've been hearing that since I was in elementary school too. One of the problems with the cost of solar power is that it isn't just about the cost of solar panels. It's also about the cost of inverters.

Also, solar is at its best in mid-day and heat, which lines up well with peak loads. So if it ever becomes deployed on a wide scale, it will replace peak load generation, such as from oil and natural gas. That's a good thing, but those sources aren't nuclear: Solar is not a good replacement for nuclear power.

 

[Antiphon]

If the Germans want to abandonan certain advanced energy technologies and embrace others it's their business.

But I expected more from them.
Caving into the irrational neo-Luddites of the world only eggs them on.

 

[DevilsAvocado]

Nuclear fuel as a practical matter is http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/progress/cohen.html" .

That’s interesting news. Where would one store unlimited nuclear wastes?

Nope, you have missed my point. I wasn't referring to the economics of nuclear power today, I was referring to the economics of nuclear power after oil and coal supplies start thinning out.

And here where we differ. To me it’s pretty clear that the price for nuclear energy will soon be higher than the renewable alternatives (due to higher costs for security and "smaller" markets). This will happen before oil/coal runs out.

But the bottom line is that there is no long term alternative to meet our growing demand, short of some radical new technology.

If you don’t look for new solutions – you’ll never find one. Like the http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahara_Solar_Breeder_Project" :


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UdO6T1TIDzQ

It’s beyond my understanding why the technological and scientific evolution should end in Nuclear fission? Why are we spending € 15 billion on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITER" ? Seems like a serious waste if fission is the answer to everything, for eternity...

My belief is that it’s dangerous to "fall in love" in one specific technology and stop looking for better.

 

[DevilsAvocado]

What are they going to use instead?

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nord_Stream"

[PLAIN]http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Germany_consumption_up_to_2008.JPG

 

[DevilsAvocado]

By the time the nuclear industry recovers from this, we won't need it.

I think (hope) you’re right.

 

[JaredJames]

Like the http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahara_Solar_Breeder_Project" :

They make it sound so simple...

Build a few plants, lay a few superconductor 'wires' and boom, you're powering half the planet!

In theory, it sounds like a good idea but it's the reality I'm more interested in.

 

[DevilsAvocado]

They make it sound so simple...

Build a few plants, lay a few superconductor 'wires' and boom, you're powering half the planet!

In theory, it sounds like a good idea but it's the reality I'm more interested in.

Of course this is research and no one knows if it will work. But isn’t that the case in all human progress?

How about the Apollo program? Would we ever have landed on the Moon if people only requested "reality solutions"?

Build a few rockets, educate a few men and BOOM, you're on the Moon!

 

[JaredJames]

Of course this is research and no one knows if it will work. But isn’t that the case in all human progress?

How about the Apollo program? Would we ever have landed on the Moon if people only requested "reality solutions"?

Build a few rockets, educate a few men and BOOM, you're on the Moon!

Are you saying no one knew the moon landing would work?

Yes, people only want realistic solutions. The moon stuff was a realistic solution. Let's not pretend otherwise.

Realistic solutions are all that matter. If the idea is unfeasible it's no good.

 

[DevilsAvocado]

Are you saying no one knew the moon landing would work?

Yes, people only want realistic solutions. The moon stuff was a realistic solution. Let's not pretend otherwise.

Realistic solutions are all that matter. If the idea is unfeasible it's no good.

And how realistic would you say a Moon landing was in 1956?

 

[AlephZero]

The real irony of the German situation is not so much that they are importing French nuclear power, but

1. They are importing Polish coal-generated power, from old high-pollution plants.
2. Poland recently announced plans to replace its coal generation with new nuclear genorators, and the motivation for that is the EU's (read Germany's) carbon emission reductions strategy.

Still, I'm told Germany and Poland are the best of friends these days.

Note also that Netanyahu already announced his reservations about continuing with nuclear power.

Translation: "We already have enough plutonium to nuke everybody we don't like, so we don't need to make any more"?

 

[JaredJames]

And how realistic would you say a Moon landing was in 1959?

From the point of view of the general, uneducated public or someone a bit more in the know?

It's like preaching how dangerous nuclear is and ignoring the fact coal is a lot worse. Without some knowledge, nuclear can sound a lot worse than it is.

 

[DevilsAvocado]

From the point of view of the general, uneducated public or someone a bit more in the know?

I would say that in 1956 not one single human knew for sure that it was possible to land on the Moon. Why??

Because not one single human or mammal had ever enter space before (some say Jesus did, but I doubt it ).

How could they ever know? They didn’t.

There where speculations on zero gravity and the Van Allen radiation belt, etc. But no one knew for sure. In 1957 came Sputnik 2 and Laika, and then they knew a dog could survive in space, etc, etc.

But this was not clear from the beginning.

It's like preaching ...

Seriously, talking about alternatives to fission is "preaching"??

What’s the 'terminology' on those in who strongly advocates fission forever and all eternity?

 

[russ_watters]

That’s interesting news. Where would one store unlimited nuclear wastes?

Huh? Having essentially unlimited supply doesn't imply unlimited waste until all of that supply is used. All that comment says is that we don't have to worry about running out any time soon.

And as a side matter, most nuclear waste isn't very radioactive (if properly processed) and can be buried in landfills if it isn't re-used as nuclear fuel or recycled as industrial heavy metal.

It’s beyond my understanding why the technological and scientific evolution should end in Nuclear fission?

...My belief is that it’s dangerous to "fall in love" in one specific technology and stop looking for better.

No one has suggested any such thing. What we're saying is you shouldn't abandon a viable technology that is needed right now, before replacements become viable. That should be obvious.

How about the Apollo program? Would we ever have landed on the Moon if people only requested "reality solutions"?

That's a non-sequitur: no pre-existing, functioning lunar exploration program existed to be replaced by Apollo

 

[JaredJames]

I would say that in 1956 not one single human knew for sure that it was possible to land on the Moon.

And yet they were able to design and build a craft that did so on its first attempt.

Let's not play dumb here. There is a difference between that and the tech above and either you are deliberately ignorant or you genuinely don't realize my point with the Sahara system (here's a hint - it's an assumption built on a bad assumption).

Seriously, talking about alternatives to fission is "preaching"??

Please point to me where I said it was? All I see is the use of "preaching" within an example statement designed to highlight my point regarding persons who don't understand the subject matter. The word preaching is simply a descriptive term I chose to use and has no bearing on the point being made and certainly doesn't make a statement regarding my thoughts on particular groups on its own. Feel free to replace it with discuss/debate/talking etc if it makes you feel better.

Understand very clearly, if I mean to say I think a particular side is 'preaching', I will come out and say it directly. I don't need you to twist my words and misdirect any points I make.

 

[Al68]

That’s interesting news. Where would one store unlimited nuclear wastes?

Our capacity to safely store nuclear waste is effectively unlimited as well.

And here where we differ. To me it’s pretty clear that the price for nuclear energy will soon be higher than the renewable alternatives (due to higher costs for security and "smaller" markets). This will happen before oil/coal runs out.

Why would you say we differ, then say something that in no way contradicts my statement? Is it still unclear that I am referring to after oil/coal supplies go south? Between now and then, every nuclear power plant on the planet might close, with none operating. But it's hard for irrational hysteria to trump reality when options run out.

If you don’t look for new solutions – you’ll never find one.

I agree, and can't see how it relates to my post.

It’s beyond my understanding why the technological and scientific evolution should end in Nuclear fission?

"Should" has nothing to do with it. There is no known energy source even remotely comparable with the potential of nuclear fission, except for nuclear fusion, and whether we will be able to make that work safely in the future is questionable at best.

My belief is that it’s dangerous to "fall in love" in one specific technology and stop looking for better.

Who said stop looking for better?

But we have to deal with reality. The reality is that Germany didn't choose to switch from fission to something better. They chose to switch from fission to fossil fuels. That's reality.

Advocating the advancement of a technology that is unique in its known ability to economically meet (far) future demand is a far cry from not looking for better. Failure to do so is like using a wood fireplace instead of a heat pump to heat your house because we should be looking for something better than heat pumps. It's illogical.

 

[DevilsAvocado]

Huh? Having essentially unlimited supply doesn't imply unlimited waste until all of that supply is used.

I understand. My point is that if you don’t have a (unlimited) plan on how to handle the waste from unlimited supplies, your resources drops form unlimited to limited.

All that comment says is that we don't have to worry about running out any time soon.

That’s one way of interpretation. Others could interpret this as claim of energy supply without limits that will go on forever, almost like renewable energy.

I’m sure you agree that this kind of misapprehensions is unwarranted on PF.

And as a side matter, most nuclear waste isn't very radioactive (if properly processed) and can be buried in landfills if it isn't re-used as nuclear fuel or recycled as industrial heavy metal.

Sure, it’s a non-issue. If we just send the californium to California – the problem goes away!

Seriously, I don’t know why, but you are completely ignoring the very well known main problem – high-level radioactive waste management & deep geological repository. The long-lived fission products Technetium-99 (half-life 220,000 years), Iodine-129 (half-life 15.7 million years), Neptunium-237 (half-life two million years) and Plutonium-239 (half-life 24,000 years) is not recommended to be ignored, or it will cause serious troubles interacting with the biosphere.

Hannes Alfvén, Nobel laureate in physics, described the as yet unsolved dilemma of high-level radioactive waste management:

"The problem is how to keep radioactive waste in storage until it decays after hundreds of thousands of years. The geologic deposit must be absolutely reliable as the quantities of poison are tremendous. It is very difficult to satisfy these requirements for the simple reason that we have had no practical experience with such a long term project. Moreover permanently guarded storage requires a society with unprecedented stability."​

Between 1967 and 1978 radioactive waste was placed in Asse II, a former salt mine in Germany. Radioactive caesium-137, plutonium and strontium have been leaking from the mine since 1988 but were not reported until 2008. The rock salt mine Bartensleben, also in Germany, was used from 1972 to 1998, and since 2003 480,000 m3 of salt-concrete has been pumped into the pit to temporarily stabilize the upper levels. The salt dome is in the state of collapse.

And I’m sure you’re well aware of the anticlimax in Yucca Mountain...

Hence, there is no simple "heavy metal" solution to this, even if I personally wish this was the case.

No one has suggested any such thing. What we're saying is you shouldn't abandon a viable technology that is needed right now, before replacements become viable. That should be obvious.

I appreciate those words, but to be fair – there are others who have a slightly more "hard core" approach. Some want to have a nuclear plant on their backyard to prove that it’s harmlessness. Others are wishing for a serious nuclear accident every year, so that we all can "get used" and finally realize that there is really nothing to worry about – it’s all ignorant hysteria. And these guys are all "nuclear experts" with deep insights, and anyone who has a slightly different view is either a hysterical fool, knee-jerk reactionary or ignorant moron, etc, etc.

I don’t know what to say really, it all seems a little bit 'pubertal'. If these people, fundamentally in love with nuclear power, think they’re doing the technology a favor – my guess is they’re deeply mistaken. In fact, it could have the opposite effect.

In these days of information it’s quite naive to call people ignorant if you don’t like their views. All info you could ever need is out there, and I guess every non-blind person in the developed world has seen what happened at the Fukushima I Nuclear Power Plant in Japan.

You don’t need to be a nuclear power expert to understand this:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yp9iJ3pPuL8&hd=1
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yp9iJ3pPuL8

To pretend that this doesn’t matter at all, that anyone who claims it does is hysterical or knee-jerk or whatever – well, that’s just a dumb joke that will hit back on the messenger.

Personally I don’t have any emotions for or against nuclear power. To me, it’s just a technology, among others. What does engage me is retrograding and narrow-minded fundamentalism, blocking newer and better ideas.

 

[DevilsAvocado]

And yet they were able to design and build a craft that did so on its first attempt.

Let's not play dumb here.

That’s a very good incitement. I recommend you read the history of the Apollo program once more, and maybe in depth on Apollo 1.

[PLAIN]http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/89/LC34plaque2.jpg

(here's a hint - it's an assumption built on a bad assumption)

Wow, now you got me real interested! You know something that the professors have missed? What is it? Solar cells don’t work? Superconductors don’t work? Solar power is a dead end? Please elaborate! :!)

[URL]http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/PS20andPS10.jpg/700px-PS20andPS10.jpg[/URL]

 

[JaredJames]

That’s a very good incitement. I recommend you read the history of the Apollo program once more, and maybe in depth on Apollo 1.

Ah, that's right. There were a number of craft that crashed during the lunar stage of the mission.

I was referring specifically to the moon landing side of things, a direct continuation on the whole not knowing about landing on the moon thing. Getting to space is irrelevant and had been achieved, it wasn't the focus of those missions.

Do you understand the concept of simulation and prediction in science (engineering and other similar subjects)?

Wow, now you got me real interested! You know something that the professors have missed? What is it? Solar cells don’t work? Superconductors don’t work? Solar power is a dead end? Please elaborate! :!)

Unfortunately, your sarcasm is misplaced. My focus here was on the "powering half of the globe" side of things, by using superconductors to send the power where required. We do not have the ability to use superconductors, economically, in such a manner. So let's not pretend we do, and certainly not assume we'll have it for no good reason.

 

[Al68]

That’s one way of interpretation. Others could interpret this as claim of energy supply without limits that will go on forever, almost like renewable energy.

Well, seawater contains 3.3 mg per cubic meter, and can be extracted relatively economically with http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranium_mining#Recovery_from_seawater". (The only reason that's not currently economical is the even cheaper supply with other sources).

Aside from the 4.6 billion tons of uranium already in the oceans, rivers add about 32,000 tons per year.

Long story short, according to calculations by http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/progress/cohen.html" , we have enough uranium from seawater alone to last about 5 billion years. I would consider a power source which will easily outlast our sun to be a renewable energy source.

The only thing mistaken about nuclear power being "almost like renewable energy" is the word "almost".

Seriously, I don’t know why, but you are completely ignoring the very well known main problem – high-level radioactive waste management & deep geological repository.

You're right that this is the main problem. But it's much less of a problem with modern designs than it is with currently operating plants with decades old reactor technology. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_reactor_technology#Future_and_developing_technologies" are not only far more efficient and safe, but generate far less waste. Using currently operating plants as representative of future technology is like using the first cars as representative of future automotive technology.

 

[russ_watters]

I understand. My point is that if you don’t have a (unlimited) plan on how to handle the waste from unlimited supplies, your resources drops form unlimited to limited.

This is all non sequitur. All you have to worry about if you are trying to decide to build a new plant is whether there will be fuel and waste disposal options available at the end of its 50 year lifespan. There is no need to plan now for a vast quantity of waste that won't be generated for hundreds or thousands of years. That's just silly.

That’s one way of interpretation. Others could interpret this as claim of energy supply without limits that will go on forever, almost like renewable energy.

Again, non sequitur. Whether nuclear fuel will run out in a thousand or a billion years doesn't matter: in either case, there is plenty of fuel for new nuclear plants now.

Seriously, I don’t know why, but you are completely ignoring the very well known main problem – high-level radioactive waste management & deep geological repository. The long-lived fission products Technetium-99 (half-life 220,000 years), Iodine-129 (half-life 15.7 million years), Neptunium-237 (half-life two million years) and Plutonium-239 (half-life 24,000 years) is not recommended to be ignored, or it will cause serious troubles interacting with the biosphere.

Setting aside the fact that you're making the classic error in believing that long half life = more dangerous: Lead is poisonous forever. Should we build permanent waste repositories for it? The nuclear waste issue was borne of similar wrongheaded thinking.

So what if we build a storage facility for it that has to be abandoned after 50 years? Build a new one right next to it 50 years from now! This plan has served us fine for the past 50 years and continues to work fine. And if we ever get enough waste to make it desirable to cut the volume by a factor of 20, we can do that if we need to.

And in any case, most environmentalists are deeply concerned about a problem they expect to be cataclysmic over the next 100 years: global warming. Nuclear power can near completely solve that problem and the problem of waste is miniscule compared with what they are predicting. It is illogical for them to oppose nuclear power.

No wishing and hoping for a breakthrough required: all that is required is the will to do it.

Hannes Alfvén, Nobel laureate in physics, described the as yet unsolved dilemma of high-level radioactive waste management:

"... Moreover permanently guarded storage requires a society with unprecedented stability."​

If society collapses, why would we care about guarding a waste dump? This is from the same line wrongheaded thinking I mentioned above.

And I’m sure you’re well aware of the anticlimax in Yucca Mountain...

Yes, a perfectly good waste repository killed by unscrupulous politicians. Don't worry, Obama is being sued over this and he's going to lose.

Personally I don’t have any emotions for or against nuclear power. To me, it’s just a technology, among others. What does engage me is retrograding and narrow-minded fundamentalism, blocking newer and better ideas.

Your reaction seems to be much more than that, considering that you read quite a number of things here that people didn't say.

 

[russ_watters]

Seriously, I don’t know why, but you are completely ignoring the very well known main problem – high-level radioactive waste management & deep geological repository.

You're right that this is the main problem.

Just to repeat for emphasis: this "problem" is almost entirely political. From a purely technical point of view, dealing with waste is childs-play. All you have to do is store it. Compare that with coal and oil waste, which we haven't even figured out how to capture yet.

Some environmentalists are starting to wake up to the lie and contradiction they've been living:

Nuclear power presents the ultimate catch-22 for environmentalists. It doesn't generate a lot of greenhouse gases, but it does produce long-lasting toxic waste.

No one is more familiar with this tough trade-off than Dr. Patrick Moore, a co-founder of Greenpeace International turned nuclear power booster. He left Greenpeace in the 1980s over ideological differences and now is the co-chairman, along with former EPA administrator Christie Todd Whitman, of the Nuclear Energy Institute's new Clean and Safe Energy Coalition...

Patrick Moore: Going back to the early days in Greenpeace in the 1970s and 1980s, we were totally focused on nuclear war and nuclear testing in the Cold War. We failed to distinguish between the beneficial uses of the technology and the evil uses of the technology.

It became clear to me that there was a logical disconnect. The people who were most concerned about climate change were most opposed to nuclear power.

http://www.wired.com/science/planetearth/news/2007/11/moore_qa

 

[Argentum Vulpes]

Like what was stated earlier in this post is that the Germans can shut down their nuclear power, and the approximately 30% loss of power to the electrical grid will have to be imported/replaced. I'm sure coal and natural gas interest in Germany are dancing with joy, as is France and other countries in the EU that have surplus power.

As for placing huge solar system in the Sarah, assuming that every "if" that is associated with the project were solved, the storage bank for peak electrical needs of just the USA would need to be 3953.1 billion kWh (2009 number), base load would need to be 2563.2 billion kWh (2009 number). This is the numbers on size assuming that the storage banks were done with high density lead acid batteries (75 Wh/l). The reason for lead acid batteries is that they are the cheapest to build and maintain.

The base load storage bank would need to be 34 million cubic meters, 13670.4 FINA minimum Olympic pools, or 17 square km. The peak storage bank would need to be 52 million cubic meters, 21083.2 FINA minimum Olympic pools, or 26 square km. These numbers are just for 25% of what the project would have to produce. The scale of the backup system, and the folly of centralized power generation systems is what will kill this pipe dream.

As for the mobility of radioactive metals there is a great example of how the stuff stays put. Looking at the Oklo natural reactor the highly radioactive isotopes have not moved a significant distance from where they were produced approximately 2 billion years ago.

It is a shame a power source that could solve the global warming problem and bring power, heat, and clean water to the third world is shunned because of ignorance and knee jerk reactions.

 

[DevilsAvocado]

I was referring specifically to the moon landing side of things, a direct continuation on the whole not knowing about landing on the moon thing. Getting to space is irrelevant and had been achieved, it wasn't the focus of those missions.

Look JJ, I appreciate many of your post and some are even brilliant, like your "dismissal on the whole notion of god(s)". But this current "Apollo game" must be some kind of mental blackout... you’re constantly changing your arguments, avoiding the original question:

And how realistic would you say a Moon landing was in 1956?

I won’t make fun of your "simulation hypothesis", it’s too cruel.

MANIAC I
http://www.peterpoole.info/images/1952_maniac.jpg

Let’s listen to the man who made it happen instead:

Kennedy Apollo Speech (May 25, 1961)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2_JlSdRCg7g

JFK - We choose to go to the Moon
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ouRbkBAOGEw

"Many years ago the great British explorer George Mallory, who was to die on Mount Everest, was asked why did he want to climb it. He said, 'Because it is there.' Well, space is there, and we're going to climb it, and the moon and the planets are there, and new hopes for knowledge and peace are there. And, therefore, as we set sail we ask God's blessing on the most hazardous and dangerous and greatest adventure on which man has ever embarked."

-John F. Kennedy, Rice University, Sept. 12, 1962​

This man had balls, and I’d wish we had more of his kind today. The Apollo program was driven by politics and the Cold War, more than anything else. There was no 'simulation' in 1956 or 1961 or 1962 that proved this programs success as a safe Sunday trip to heaven. It was a combination of high risks, step by step development, and political strategy in the Cold War.

Besides balls, JFK had excellent poker face. This is what happened behind closed doors Nov. 21, 1962 (after the speech):

(Selected snippets by me, full text here: http://history.nasa.gov/JFK-Webbconv/pages/transcript.pdf
and recordings here: http://history.nasa.gov/JFK-Webbconv/index.html )

Transcript of Presidential Meeting in the Cabinet Room of the White House
Topic: Supplemental appropriations for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
21 November 1962

Present at the meeting:
President John F. Kennedy
James Webb, NASA Administrator
Dr. Jerome Wiesner, Special Assistant to the President for Science and Technology
Edward Welsh, Executive Secretary, National Aeronautics and Space Council
David E. Bell, Director, Bureau of the Budget
Dr. Hugh Dryden, Deputy Administrator, NASA
Dr. Robert Seamans, Associate Administrator, NASA
Dr. Brainerd Holmes, Associate Administrator for Manned Space Flight, NASA
Elmer Staats, Deputy Director, Bureau of the Budget
Willis H. Shapley, Deputy Division Chief, Military Division, Bureau of the Budget


Brainerd Holmes: Well, I’ll give you the next chart, the lunar landing, and show you the effect on that. The effect that this would have is somewhat hard to determine because if everything went the way we anticipated in the design of our Apollo, there’d probably be very little effect on the Apollo. But if we found by these one-week missions, you see, things that we don’t now think are going to happen—such as, well, adverse effects from zero gravity and [disease?], and anything like this, it might affect the design of the Apollo. Everything going well I would say, that, uh, given this experience, it wouldn’t particularly affect this schedule, which is affected in itself, however, because of the need for funds. And that schedule, uh, that one shows…. Once again, this…this schedule which is without the supplemental funds and it shows the first manned flight February of ’65 in the Apollo.

Robert Seamans: I think I agree with you, Jim, that you can schedule six months earlier but you have to understand what these dates really are. These are dates for the internal management of the projects. They have to be dates that people believe are realistic. I mean, you have to have a fighting chance to achieve these dates but they’re by no means dates that you can absolutely guarantee at this time, because this is a development program, and you are learning as you go along, and if you crank up too much of a crash program and you start running into trouble, it can take more time to unsort the difficulties than if it is a better paced program.

Hugh Dryden: That’s one way of looking at it. Proceed on the assumption that you do not meet any unexpected obstacles, this is an assumption which from experience that we know is not completely accurate.

President Kennedy: The science…. Going to the Moon is the top-priority project. Now, there are a lot of related scientific information and developments that will come from that which are important. But the whole thrust of the Agency, in my opinion, is the lunar program. The rest of it can wait six or nine months.

James Webb: The trouble…Jerry is holding up his hand…. Let me say one thing, then maybe you want to [unknown] the thing that troubles me here about making such a flat statement as that is, number one, there are real unknowns as to whether man can live under the weightless condition and you’ll ever make the lunar landing. This is one kind of political vulnerability I’d like to avoid such a flat commitment to. If you say you failed on your number-one priority, this is something to think about.

Jerome Wiesner: [Unintelligible—“If you got enough time?”] Mr. President, I don’t think Jim understands some of the scientific problems that are associated with landing on the Moon and this is what Dave Bell was trying to say and what I’m trying to say. We don’t know a damn thing about the surface of the Moon. And we’re making the wildest guesses about how we’re going to land on the Moon and we could get a terrible disaster from putting something down on the surface of the Moon that’s very different than we think it is. And the scientific programs that find us that information have to have the highest priority. But they are associated with the lunar program. The scientific programs that aren’t associated with the lunar program can have any priority we please to give ’em.

James Webb: Now, now let me make one thing very, very clear. The real success of this program and what it does for this administration in terms of prestige and for the country in terms of a position of preeminence is going to depend not so much on these target dates, but how this program is run. These birds are going to fly or not fly, not by what you put on the schedule or the amount of money you put in it, but the way this thing is run. As a matter [unknown] over the next year or two we have got to validate the capacity of the government to run a program like this in partnership with industry. This has not yet been proved! And the attitude, the philosophy within which you go, of a tight, hard-driving race here, watching the dollars, is going to be terribly important, in my opinion, in where you come out. And the easiest thing you can do is have this nice image we’ve got now, you blow it away by a bunch of foolish things.

James Webb: All I’m trying to say is…Dave, is…that we are running about three steps ahead of a pack of hounds. And we have got some real vulnerabilities to validate the capacity to do this thing which is almost beyond the possible anyhow.​

Unfortunately, your sarcasm is misplaced. My focus here was on the "powering half of the globe" side of things, by using superconductors to send the power where required. We do not have the ability to use superconductors, economically, in such a manner. So let's not pretend we do, and certainly not assume we'll have it for no good reason.

Why not focusing on getting the basic facts right? Wiring the globe with liquid nitrogen is a little bit dumb to even consider, isn’t it?

What we are talking about is High-temperature Superconductor DC transmission (HTSC DC) inside the plant, approx 300 miles. To send the juice further, they connect to a http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-voltage_direct_current" Foundation, Munich Re, Deutsche Bank, Siemens, ABB, E.ON, RWE, Abengoa Solar, Cevital, HSH Nordbank, M & W Zander Holding, MAN Solar Millennium, and Schott Solar.

Some of the structure is already in place:

[URL]http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/HVDC_Europe.svg/400px-HVDC_Europe.svg.png[/URL]


P.S. Short on time... I’ll get back to the rest soon.

 

[zomgwtf]

All you have to do is store it. Compare that with coal and oil waste, which we haven't even figured out how to capture yet.

It's about time I read on a forum someone who understands this. I hate when people cry and cry about wastes produced by nuclear power when:

a. They don't really understand a thing about nuclear wastes.
and
b. They don't seem to understand that even if it WERE a big problem like they imply, there's still no comparison to current and real problem of wastes produced by current energy production methods.

Nuclear wastes are a lot safer and easier to manage than wastes from the other main competition. Also all the other 'renewable' sources for energy I wouldn't even consider to be competition to nuclear.

No research into energy should not and never be stopped, we should always strive to be better. BUT, when we DO get something better we should damn well use it to our advantage. (nuclear in this case is the better)

 

[DevilsAvocado]

Where do all these unprecedented nucleus geniuses come from? I’m stunned.

 

[JaredJames]

Look JJ, I appreciate many of your post and some are even brilliant, like your "dismissal on the whole notion of god(s)". But this current "Apollo game" must be some kind of mental blackout... you’re constantly changing your arguments, avoiding the original question:

I haven't changed once. Read through, you'll see it's fairly consistent with my stance.

I won’t make fun of your "simulation hypothesis", it’s too cruel.

Ah that's right, we couldn't possibly perform calculations to predict what would happen on landing - whether known or simply believed to happen - and as such build a module capable of performing and surviving the landing. Silly me.

Why not focusing on getting the basic facts right? Wiring the globe with liquid nitrogen is a little bit dumb to even consider, isn’t it?

What we are talking about is High-temperature Superconductor DC transmission (HTSC DC) inside the plant, approx 300 miles.

Only 300 miles? Wow, easy stuff. A quick check returned results showing we can barely manage 200 meters a year ago. Perhaps you have something newer which shows we are capable of such distances?

Where do all these unprecedented nucleus geniuses come from? I’m stunned.

What do biologists have to do with anything?

 

[DevilsAvocado]

I haven't changed once.

Agree, you play games and avoid the original question all the time. Nuclear lovers seem to get stuck.

Only 300 miles? Wow, easy stuff. A quick check returned results showing we can barely manage 200 meters a year ago. Perhaps you have something newer which shows we are capable of such distances?

Impressive. First you’re absolutely sure it’s too expensive to wire the whole planet with superconductors and this crucial fact will put an end to the dreadful and threatening solar power in Sahara. Now you’ve found out it only works for 200 meters, without leaving a reference, and hoping this will "do the trick".

Welcome to the night of guessing amateurs.

You probably don’t even have a basic understanding about electricity and what this is all about. There’s this thing called science, which most users on PF regards as a part of reality. Its goal is not provide off-the-shelf products (that’ called manufacturing), but to research for new, better and more effective solutions, and not to get stuck in old dogmatic thinking.

This is what professor David Cardwell, head of the bulk superconductivity group at the Cambridge University’s Department of Engineering, has to say about High-temperature Superconductors, 9 July 2010:

"The potential advantages of developing viable high-temperature superconductors are huge. The processes we have developed and patented should enable us to develop samples that are better, bigger, cheaper and more reliable."

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=heauu4Um5b4&hd=1
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=heauu4Um5b4

http://www.admin.cam.ac.uk/news/dp/2010070901"

I know you dismiss this as 'unreal' since you can’t go to the store today a buy this stuff today, but that doesn’t matter much. Not many people seem to be listening to what retrograding nuclear fundamentalist has to say anymore.

But let’s say a miracle happens – a guessing amateur is right and all the professors are wrong. Does this mean anything to the Sahara Solar Breeder Project? Will this stop this damned thing for good??

Well, I’m afraid it won’t matter that much. Sorry.

The only thing that will happen is that they have the option to use a standard HVDC grid instead (and this is off-the-shelf). But this will sadly lead to losses in the 500 km transmission, 1.5% to be exact...

What a fiasco huh!

I hope you understand the stupidity in your way of reasoning.

 

[JaredJames]

I hope you understand the stupidity in your way of reasoning.

I see why you stick to P&WA. You'd make a good politician.

Your arguments are fallacious and use things I've never said, for example:

I know you dismiss this as 'unreal' since you can’t go to the store today a buy this stuff today...

Where did that come from? Not me, so I guess it's your imagination.

For the record, at no point have I ever said I dislike the Sahara Project. In fact, I think it sounds like a good idea. My problem lies, as ever, with the timescales involved with these 'super' renewable sources that will save us. Certainly we can develop them, we need to, but we can't just sit back and wait until 2050 hoping this will work.

Oh, an here's the link: http://global-sei.com/sn/2010/391/7a.html

 

[zomgwtf]

Where do all these unprecedented nucleus geniuses come from? I’m stunned.

You know you're on a forum which has many people with an academic background in sciences/engineering right?

You learn about nuclear radiation etc. in all three main branches of science (physics/chemistry/biology) and many people here have taken probably multiple courses of any two of those. Probably leads to these people understanding these things which leads to same people being annoyed by the publics irrational fears and the undeserved media hype.

 

[russ_watters]

Also, there's:

-"XXX is right around the corner". Scientists and engineers tend to recognize that you can't schedule discoveries.
-Working prototype =/ commerically viable product, even if Google installs one at their corporate headquarters (see the recent hype about fuel cells).

 

[DrClapeyron]

It is selfish to stand by the status quo when there is a good alternative and say something like "it's a lot of work to change what is currently being done, therefore let's stand pat". Why is it we have to be motivated by things like cost and global warming in order to change our ways when the motivation has been there all along? I think it is this: fear and money are human societies' greatest motivators.

I doubt whether science and engineering are the big hold ups in bring about the nuclear rennasaince. I have heard people mention how breeder reactors are outlawed except in the world's naval fleets. Seems selfish to keep all that power in one hand. Why not spread the love?

As for the Germans, they are giving up. The US is too fat. Everyone is too fat to care about what the French are doing. That leaves the Chinese to lead us to the next great advancement in human society.

 

[robinson]

Breeder reactors are not outlawed, nor are they used on ships. You might be thinking plutonium reactors.

 

[mheslep]

...

I doubt whether science and engineering are the big hold ups in bring about the nuclear rennasaince. ...

I'd say the lack of engineering of new designs *is* a hold up: engineering for lower cost, safer, and more proliferation resistant reactors. The science is there; the engineering is held back by bureaucratic inertia and an industry attached to the PWR reactor and the U235 solid fuel cycle status quo, IMO.

 

[shashankac655]

I think Germany is doing something reasonable for the long term because however useful or powerful this energy source (nuclear) might be, we have to remember that it is still a non-renewable source of energy i.e we don't have infinite amount of uranium(or other fissionable materials)in the earth.

Today the world is addicted to fossil fuels as a source of energy even though it is a well known fact that fossil fuels are non-renewable and none of the governments are thinking far enough into the future to realize that if this addiction is allowed to grow then some day we will completely run out of an economical energy source.

I think we have to learn a lesson from this and not let the world get addicted to another (even if more powerful) non-renewable source of energy.
Another problem with nuclear energy is the about the nuclear waste disposal, imagine if all the countries in the world are running on nuclear power ,then how and where are we going dispose all the hazardous wastes which will remain hazardous for thousands of years?
The countries cannot throw away these wastes on each other’s backyard, even if the radioactive wastes are buried deep underground it still does make some people uneasy.

I know the nuclear powerplants today are supplying energy which is unprecedented in the history of our civilization but I feel it is like a drug (steroids :human body::nuclear power:world).
We are in the beginning of the space age and we have to stop depending on energy sources that are available only on Earth ,I admit that we can’t simply shut down all the nuclear and thermal power plants overnight ,but our dependence on them has to reduce and not increase.
More research and attention to renewable sources can give good results but it will demand more time.Potential wave energy on our coastlines, can provide 1/5 of world demand. Hydroelectric power can supply 1/3 of our total energy global needs. Geothermal energy can provide 1.5 more times the energy we need. There is enough wind to power the planet 30 times over, wind power could power all of humanity's needs alone. Solar currently supplies only 0.1% of our world energy needs, but there is enough out there to power humanity's needs 4,000 times over, the entire global projected energy demand by 2050

 

[robinson]

If you could tax the sun solar energy would be the most used source of power.

 

[mheslep]

...

I know the nuclear powerplants today are supplying energy which is unprecedented in the history of our civilization but I feel it is like a drug (steroids :human body::nuclear power:world).
We are in the beginning of the space age and we have to stop depending on energy sources that are available only on Earth ,I admit that we can’t simply shut down all the nuclear and thermal power plants overnight ,but our dependence on them has to reduce and not increase.

Why would one *want* to shut down "all" the nuclear plants, any more than one would want stop eating food? Why does dependence on nuclear, a source that can easily last thousands of years, have to decrease?

 

[shashankac655]

Why would one *want* to shut down "all" the nuclear plants, any more than one would want stop eating food? Why does dependence on nuclear, a source that can easily last thousands of years, have to decrease?

If all the countries in the world start depending on nuclear power to the scale in which we depend on thermal power today,will this source exist for thousands of years?

Demand for energy will increase exponentially all over the world due to rapid urbanization and development ,the more energy we get ,the more we will ask for it i.e our modern civilization will not stop demanding more.We will reach a limit somehow some day and so what ever the case we will one day run out nuclear fuel(it is simply non-renewable).If the rate of growth in energy consumption is constant then it may last for thousand's years but it is simply not that way.

If extraction of uranium is accelerated then it is going affect the environment badly,(what ever precautionary measures you take there is always a possibility of leakage of radioactive materials into the environment when nuclear power is used at such a large scale) on the top of what is already taking place due mining and oil extraction.

I never said all the nuclear power plants have to be immediately shut down!...i just said we have look for other energy sources as back up plan.

And you will not have stop eating food as long as the sun exists in it's present state

 

[mheslep]

If all the countries in the world start depending on nuclear power to the scale in which we depend on thermal power today,will this source exist for thousands of years?

Not with current reactor designs, but yes, it can.

Demand for energy will increase exponentially all over the world due to rapid urbanization and development ,the more energy we get ,the more we will ask for it i.e our modern civilization will not stop demanding more.

Demand is increasing exponentially only in the developing world, but not in the US, and not in the developed world in general.

...And you will not have stop eating food as long as the sun exists in it's present state

The sun by itself does not grow a modern food supply; modern agriculture with all its various energy sources and machines and transportation system does.

 

[russ_watters]

My current car is 7 years old and runs on gas. When I was shopping for it, I didn't consider an electric because I knew we wouldn't run out of gas before I got rid of the car. So too for nuclear:

No plant built in the next 100 years will have trouble finding fuel so that isn't a relevant concern.

 

[shashankac655]

My current car is 7 years old and runs on gas. When I was shopping for it, I didn't consider an electric because I knew we wouldn't run out of gas before I got rid of the car. So too for nuclear:

No plant built in the next 100 years will have trouble finding fuel so that isn't a relevant concern.

i agree with you that it's not a relevant concern now but it will be after 100's years.

i think that we are thinking of nuclear power today in the same way people thought about fossil fuels during the beginning of the industrial revolution.I repeat once again that i didn't ask for a drastic cut in nuclear power all of a sudden, i just suggested that we should have a "plan B" although it not urgently necessary.

 

[shashankac655]

Not with current reactor designs, but yes, it can.


Demand is increasing exponentially only in the developing world, but not in the US, and not in the developed world in general.

The sun by itself does not grow a modern food supply; modern agriculture with all its various energy sources and machines and transportation system does.

Yes i agree that nuclear power will dominate the world's power production for a very long time,but still can't think of it as a perfect energy source for the future of humanity,for several reasons what do you suggest about nuclear waste management when nuclear power is used in such a large scale?
What about nuclear accidents ,as the number of nuclear reactors in the world increases so does the accidents even with precautions?

Imagine a time when almost all of the world's people adapt to an american style of life,can nuclear power sustain the world?

 

[russ_watters]

Neither waste nor accidents are a substantial concern. They've been overhyped and are used as political footballs, but political issues is all they are.