The sun is the primary source of energy for our planet, and changes in its energy output can affect Earth's temperature. Solar activities such as solar flares, sunspots, and solar wind can impact the Earth's climate. However, scientific evidence shows that these natural solar variations are not the main cause of current global warming trends. Instead, human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation are the primary contributors to the increase in greenhouse gases, which trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere and lead to global warming.
Scientists use various methods to measure the impact of solar activities on global warming. One way is by studying changes in solar radiation and energy output using satellites and ground-based instruments. Another method is by examining historical records of solar activity and comparing them to temperature data. Additionally, computer models are used to simulate the effects of solar variations on Earth's climate and compare them to actual observations.
While solar activities can have a small cooling effect in the short term, they are not significant enough to counter the long-term warming trend caused by human activities. The sun's energy output has been relatively stable over the past few decades, yet the Earth's temperature continues to rise. Also, past periods of low solar activity, such as the "Little Ice Age" in the 1600s, were not globally consistent and were likely caused by other factors such as volcanic eruptions.
Solar activities can influence other aspects of the Earth's climate, such as rainfall patterns, the strength and location of the jet stream, and the amount of ozone in the atmosphere. However, these impacts are relatively small compared to the overall warming effect of greenhouse gases. Furthermore, these effects are short-lived and do not have a long-term impact on global temperatures.
There is ongoing research on the link between solar activities and extreme weather events. Some studies have found a correlation between solar activity and certain weather patterns, such as changes in the jet stream. However, the exact relationship between solar activities and extreme weather events is not yet fully understood, and it is challenging to isolate the influence of solar variations from other factors that can contribute to extreme weather, such as human-caused climate change.