A "Highest red shift galaxy" is a galaxy that has the highest measured redshift value. Redshift is a measure of how much the light from an object has shifted towards longer, redder wavelengths due to the expansion of the universe. The higher the redshift value, the further away the object is from us and the more distant in time we are seeing it.
The redshift of a galaxy is measured by analyzing the spectrum of light emitted by the galaxy. This spectrum will show a shift towards longer wavelengths, which can be measured and compared to the expected wavelengths of known elements and molecules. The difference between the observed and expected wavelengths is the redshift value.
Studying the highest red shift galaxies allows us to look back in time and observe the early stages of the universe. These galaxies are some of the oldest and most distant objects we can observe, and studying them can provide valuable insights into the evolution of the universe and the formation of galaxies.
Scientists use powerful telescopes and instruments, such as the Hubble Space Telescope and the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), to search for and study the highest red shift galaxies. These instruments can detect and measure the faint light emitted by these distant objects, allowing scientists to identify them and study their properties.
Studying the highest red shift galaxies can provide information about the early stages of the universe, including the formation of the first stars and galaxies. It can also help us understand the expansion rate of the universe and the distribution of matter in the universe. Additionally, studying these galaxies can provide insights into the conditions that existed in the early universe and how they may have led to the formation of the galaxies we see today.