How can I prevent breakdown in my electrostatic generator's output wires?

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SUMMARY

This discussion focuses on methods to prevent breakdown in the output wires of electrostatic generators, specifically the Van de Graaff generator (VDG). The VDG is highlighted as an effective means to generate high voltages with minimal current, capable of producing over one million volts. Key considerations include the importance of wire shape and curvature to minimize breakdown risk, as well as the potential use of capacitors for charge storage. Additionally, alternative methods such as friction machines and air ionizers are suggested for generating static electricity.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Van de Graaff generator operation and design
  • Knowledge of electrostatic principles and charge storage
  • Familiarity with the concept of breakdown voltage and corona discharge
  • Basic principles of static electricity generation
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the design and functionality of Van de Graaff generators
  • Learn about the Kelvin water dropper as an alternative electrostatic generator
  • Investigate the principles of corona discharge and its implications for high-voltage applications
  • Explore the use of capacitors in high-voltage systems for charge storage
USEFUL FOR

This discussion is beneficial for electrical engineers, hobbyists interested in electrostatics, and anyone involved in the design and operation of high-voltage equipment.

emmettal
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I'd like to create a high-voltage, low current source having multiple output wires each capable of attracting tiny pieces of paper. What kind of solutions should I look into?
 
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Welcome to PF;
Look up "van der graaf generator".
 
Seems the old-school way is the best, right.
BTW do you think it's worth bothering finding a capacitor capable of storing the charge generated by v. d. Graaf generator or it's a hopeless task?
 
Last edited:
Why do you need multiple output wires?
Anyway, you could also try some kind of friction machine or - if you want an electronic device - an air ionizer.
 
Van De Graaff generators are easy ways to generate high voltages with practically no current. If you have the financial means you can easily generate one million or more volts with a VDG generator. It's basically static electricity generated from friction that is transported to a large metal sphere where it is stored.
 
emmettal said:
I'd like to create a high-voltage, low current source having multiple output wires each capable of attracting tiny pieces of paper. What kind of solutions should I look into?
Look up Kelvin water dropper. Have fun!
 
emmettal said:
... having multiple output wires ...

Be aware that electrostatic generators, like Van De Graaff, are able to hold very high voltage without breakdown thanks to their shape: smooth and round. Breakdown is inversely proportional to the local radius of curvature of the conductor (assuming we are dealing with bare conductor in air).

If you attach a wire your Van De Graaff sphere, you will drain off most of the charge.
If you turn off the lights, you will be able to observe the corona discharge occurring at the tip of the wire.
 

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