To solve for integers A and B using the points (4,1) and (-5,-3) in the equation Ax + By = 7, two equations are derived: 4A + B = 7 and -5A - 3B = 7. These equations can be solved using methods such as substitution or elimination. The suggestion to use a matrix and row reduction is also mentioned as a viable approach. The discussion emphasizes that with two equations and two unknowns, the problem is straightforward. Understanding the concepts from a linear algebra textbook can aid in finding the solution.