How do I calculate the derivative of the inverse sin and inverse tan

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SUMMARY

This discussion focuses on calculating the derivatives of the inverse sine (arcsin) and inverse tangent (arctan) functions. The user initially calculated the derivative of arctan correctly but struggled with arcsin, mistakenly arriving at sqrt(x^2 + 1) instead of the correct answer, 1/sqrt(1-x^2). The conversation emphasizes the importance of using the correct identities and the chain rule when dealing with inverse functions, highlighting that errors in initial equations lead to incorrect results.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of inverse trigonometric functions, specifically arcsin and arctan.
  • Familiarity with the chain rule in calculus.
  • Knowledge of Pythagorean identities and their application in trigonometry.
  • Ability to differentiate basic trigonometric functions such as sin(x) and cos(x).
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation of the inverse sine function, focusing on the identity 1/sqrt(1-x^2).
  • Learn how to apply the chain rule effectively in calculus problems involving inverse functions.
  • Explore the relationship between inverse functions and their derivatives in greater depth.
  • Review common mistakes in differentiating trigonometric functions to avoid errors in calculations.
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Students and educators in calculus, mathematicians focusing on trigonometric functions, and anyone seeking to improve their understanding of derivatives of inverse functions.

barryj
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Homework Statement
I need to calculate the expression for the derivative of the inverse tan and sin. I have written my solution of the inverse tan on the attachment but I have questions. Also, using the same method, the calculation of the derivative of the inverse sin does not work.
Relevant Equations
y = tan^-1(x) find dy/dx and y = sin^-1(x) find dy/dx
I calculated an expression for the derivative of the inverse tan but I did not use the identity as suggested. Why did I need to use this identity. Did I do the problem correctly? I got the correct answer.

I tried to do the derivative of the inverse sin the same way. I used the same figure 1 on the diagram that I used for the tan problem. However, my answer, sqrt(x^2 + 1) is not correct, The correct answer, according to the book is 1/sqrt(1-x^2).

I cannot see the error.

img693.jpg
 
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If f and g are inverses of each other ,do you know what f(g(x)) is? Do you know how to use the chain rule here?
 
Yes, f(g(x)) = x if they are inverses.
 
I have found an explanation of these inverses that do not use the triangles I used in the original post. I thought the triangles would help but it seems not to be necessary. Even though I have the solution, Iwould still like to know why the inverse sin I calculated in the original post is incorrect.
img694.jpg
 
Using the picture method for sin one would draw a triangle with hypotenuse =1
 
I agree hutch but is there some reason I could not use the fig 1 diagram?
 
The sin of y is not x. It is x/ hypotenuse. You need to use it correctly!
 
Agreed, but I would think that since both diagrams are correct in a Pythagorean sense that using a change of variable or other trick might make the first figure work. I guess not. I have the correct answer now I will just have ot clear my head. Thanks
 
If you do it correctly it will work perfectly. If you write down an equation that is incorrect you will get wrong anwers. From your picture, write down sin (y). Proceed. It will be messy.
 
  • #10
For one,d/dx(sinx)=cosx, not -cosx. And when setting y=tan−1(x)y=tan−1(x) you do not get d(y)/dx=1. Nice try, but as Hutch said, you need to mind the details.
 
  • #11
WWDG, you are correct. With the fixed error, the answer would be correct.
 
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Likes   Reactions: berkeman, hutchphd and WWGD

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