How Is Gauge Pressure Calculated in a Piston-Cylinder System?

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SUMMARY

The gauge pressure in a piston-cylinder system is calculated using the formula P = F/A, where F is the total force applied and A is the area of the piston. In this discussion, a piston with a radius of 5 cm and a mass of 3 kg is analyzed under a downward force of 75 N. Ignoring the mass of the piston results in a gauge pressure of 9.54 kPa, while accounting for the piston's mass yields a gauge pressure of 13.3 kPa. The calculations demonstrate the importance of considering all forces acting on the piston for accurate pressure determination.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of basic physics concepts, specifically force and pressure.
  • Familiarity with the formula P = F/A for calculating pressure.
  • Knowledge of how to calculate area of a circle, particularly using πr².
  • Basic understanding of Newton's second law (F = ma).
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the effects of varying piston radius on gauge pressure calculations.
  • Learn about the implications of atmospheric pressure on gauge pressure measurements.
  • Explore advanced fluid mechanics concepts related to piston-cylinder systems.
  • Investigate real-world applications of gauge pressure in hydraulic systems.
USEFUL FOR

Students studying mechanical engineering, physics enthusiasts, and professionals working with hydraulic systems will benefit from this discussion on gauge pressure calculations in piston-cylinder systems.

raddian
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Homework Statement


Find the gauge pressure of a piston-cylinder system, assuming that the piston perfectly covers the cylinder. The piston's radius is 5 cm, its mass is 3kg, and the force being applied to it is 75N in the same direction as gravity. Looks like this picture: http://www.ohio.edu/mechanical/thermo/Intro/Chapt.1_6/energy_eqns/energy_eqn.gif
and the force is downwards on the pistom.

Homework Equations


P=F/A
F=ma

The Attempt at a Solution


The answer depends on whether or not the mass should be taken into account.

Ignoring piston's mass:
P= 75N/(π(5cm/100)^2)=9.54e3 Pa = 9.54 kPa

Accounting for piston's mass:
P =((ma)+75N/(π(5cm/100)^2)) = ([(3kg)(9.81m/s/s]+75N)/(π(5cm/100)^2) = 13.3e3 Pa = 13.3 kPA
 
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So what's the force per unit area being exerted on the gas in the cylinder (at the lower face of the piston)?

Chet
 

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