How is the Force Required to Expand Metal Rings Calculated in Forging?

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To calculate the force required to expand metal rings in forging, one must consider the yield stress of the materials involved, such as stainless steel, titanium, and 718 alloy. The design involves a cone that expands the jaws, necessitating an understanding of the stress distribution across the circular cross-section of the rings. Simple calculations based on a single cross-section may not be sufficient due to the geometry and material behavior under load. It is crucial to account for factors like the ring's dimensions, material properties, and the specific forging conditions. Accurate force calculations will ensure effective operation of the Ring Expander machine.
brewnog
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I am designing a machine called a Ring Expander. Simply put, it's a machine used in metal forging operations to stretch metal rings (15 x 15cm cross section, 30cm inside diameter, 60cm outside diameter) by about 20mm on the diameter. It does this by forcing a cone through a set of jaws, which expand as the cone passes though them, the workpiece having been positioned around the jaws.

What I need to know is how to calculate the force required to expand these rings! Approximate dimensions are given above, materials include stainless steel and titanium, but also 718 alloy (which I believe has a yield stress below 600MPa at the temperatures I'm looking at). I played around with looking at the force required to cause yield at a single cross section, but as these rings are circular I suspect that my assumptions were too simple.

Any help would be appreciated! My engineering knowledge only goes as far as elastic behaviour of rings.

Thanks!
 

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