How is the starting point determined when calculating sum voltage in a series?

AI Thread Summary
The sum voltage in a series circuit can be calculated by adding the voltages of the batteries, taking into account their orientation. In the discussed example, three batteries contribute positively while one battery contributes negatively, leading to a total of 3V. The starting point for the calculation does not affect the final result, as the overall sum remains consistent regardless of where the calculation begins. The key is to correctly account for the direction of each voltage source. Understanding the orientation of the batteries is essential for accurate voltage calculations in series circuits.
fran1942
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Hello, we have been told the sum voltage in this circuit is +2V -6V +4V +3V = 3V.

I was just wondering why the 2V was the starting point for this calculation because if you start from any of the other point, the end result is different.

Is there a rule as for where you start your calculation from, when working out sum voltage in a series ?

Thanks kindly for any help.
 

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It doesn't matter where you start from.

There are 3 batteries facing one way and one facing the other way. So, you add up the 3 (to get 9 volts) and take away the other one to get 3 volts.
 

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