How much current can a 3 mm wire carry?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers around the current-carrying capacity of a wire with a diameter of 3 mm, particularly in the context of its use in transformers. Participants explore various factors that influence this capacity, including wire gauge, fusing current, and thermal considerations.

Discussion Character

  • Technical explanation, Conceptual clarification, Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant inquires about the current capacity of a 3 mm diameter wire, noting concerns about insulation melting.
  • Another participant references the American Wire Gauge (AWG) system, suggesting that a 3.264 mm diameter corresponds to gauge 8, which can carry 472 Amperes for 10 seconds before fusing.
  • A different participant agrees with the previous claim but cites a different source, indicating that a 3 mm diameter is approximately equivalent to #9 AWG, which has a fusing current of 396 Amperes for copper.
  • One participant seeks clarification on the concept of fusing current and asks about the continuous current capacity of the wire when used as a primary wire in a transformer, as well as its potential kVA rating.
  • Another participant discusses the complexities of wire usage in transformer windings, emphasizing the importance of mechanical design, insulation, and core heat, and suggests a holistic approach to estimating temperature rise and wire sizing.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express varying opinions on the current capacity of the wire, with some agreeing on the fusing currents from different sources, while others raise additional considerations regarding continuous duty and thermal management in transformers. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the exact current capacity for continuous use.

Contextual Notes

Participants note that the fusing current is not the same as the continuous current capacity, and emphasize the need to consider thermal resistance and potential hot spots in transformer applications. There are also references to different sources of data that may have varying results.

Panthera Leo
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how much current can a 3 mm wire carry?

Hello

I was wondering how much current can a wire with of 3 mm diameter can carry?

Considering the maximum temperature of the wire doesn't change considerably, to melt the insulation...

Unfortunately I don't know which gauge wire this is...

Thanks
 
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I pretty much agree with Runei using different data.
3 mm diameter is 0.118" dia
From book Reference Data for Radio Engineers
#9 AWG is 0.114" dia
Book gives fusing current of #9 AWG as 396 amp for copper.
 
highly appreciate your comments,

Considering this wire is used as the primary wire of a transformer, how many amps do you think it can carry for continuous duty? Because I didn't quite understand what you mean by "fusing current"... & how many kVA would you guess?

Is it the current which will fuse copper metals which have no insulation??!
 
A completely different issue in a winding since the inner most winding - is "surrounded" by other winding, all of which are giving off heat. In this case the mechanical design, insulation thickness and type, as well as the transformers core heat - all play a role. This needs to be looked at from a total system perspective.
From the most basic analysis - if you can calculate the core losses and the winding ( restive) losses - estimating total watts, then calculate the temperature rise of the whole assembly ( Thermal resistance to the ambient- air etc) , this T rise needs to be well below the insulation rating (class) used on the wire. An then have some concern for hot spots - e.g. the temperature will not be uniform throughout the whole transformer - if this is for a one off or low volume build I would oversize the wire significantly - if for a school project, perhaps contact/visit a custom transformer shop and discuss - there is an art + skill + experience + technology to transformers.
 

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