How to determine whether a system is closed or not?

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A closed system is defined by the absence of mass transfer across its boundaries, which is why a car's exhaust system is not considered closed; exhaust gases enter and exit. To determine whether a system is closed, one must analyze the flow of matter and energy across its boundaries. In a simple system at equilibrium, the state can be defined by two properties, but careful consideration is needed to eliminate incorrect options. The independent variable refers to the factor that is manipulated in an experiment, which can complicate identifying the system's status. Understanding these principles is crucial for accurately classifying systems.
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I know the definition of an open/closed system but I am still confused:

1) Why isn't C a closed system?

2) I know that a simple system's state is defined by just 2 properties (when the system is in equilibrium) but how do we eliminate the wrong answers and determine the correct answer in this question?

3) The independent variable = the thing you change (as far as I know) but that doesn't lead me any closer to the correct answer..

Cheers
 
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C isn't a closed system because exhaust gases are entering and leaving the car exhaust (piping).
 

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