To find coordinates on a diagram lacking a coordinate system, establishing a reference frame with defined x and y axes is essential. Without this, coordinates can only be determined relative to known points, such as (X2,Y2) as an origin. By defining a principal direction towards another point (X,Y), a unit vector can be created to express the unknown point marked with a "?". The radius of the inner circle, denoted as Z, is also necessary for accurate calculations. This discussion highlights the importance of a coordinate system for simulating tides effectively.