How we are still able to detect CMB photons?

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    Cmb Photons
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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the detection of cosmic microwave background (CMB) photons and the implications of cosmic expansion on their visibility. Participants explore the relationship between the expansion of the universe and the propagation of CMB photons over time, addressing concepts of distance and the speed of light in the context of cosmological expansion.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions how CMB photons can still be detected today if they originated from a time when the universe was much smaller, suggesting that the space between the observer and the CMB has expanded faster than the speed of light.
  • Another participant clarifies that the CMB was released everywhere in the universe and that the light from the CMB has taken 13.7 billion years to reach us, during which the distance has increased due to cosmic expansion.
  • A participant seeks to confirm whether the expansion of space occurred faster than the speed of light during the CMB period.
  • Another response emphasizes that expansion is a rate rather than a velocity, indicating that while some distances can grow faster than light, this does not imply movement in the traditional sense.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express uncertainty regarding the nature of cosmic expansion and its relationship to the speed of light, with some agreeing on the concept of expansion rates while others seek clarification on specific aspects of the discussion. No consensus is reached on the implications of these concepts.

Contextual Notes

There are limitations in the discussion regarding the definitions of expansion rates versus velocities, and the implications of these concepts on the understanding of CMB detection. Some assumptions about the nature of space and light propagation remain unresolved.

CuriousNilave
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This might be a silly question. But recently I got to know about CMB(cosmic microwave background) and this question is nagging me. During CMB , the universe was pretty small compared to now, so our current point of existence in space would have been very near the CMB, 13.7 bill yrs ago. So the photons from the CMB would have passed our point very early itself. Why is it passing our point now? Did the space between our point and CMB points increase faster than speed of light and because of this we are able to see CMB photons now?
 
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The CMB was released everywhere in the Universe. What we see now is simply microwaves from the part of the Universe that is just far away enough for the light from the CMB to take us 13.7 billion years to reach us. At the time of release, this was much closer to us than 13.7 billion light years, but it has taken so long because while the light has been progressing, the distance has grown due to expansion. The distance to those parts of the Universe today is significantly larger than 13.7 billion light years, which makes sense as part of the journey happened when the distance was smaller.
 
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Thanks Orodruin. So did the expansion of space happened faster than speed of light during CMB period?
 
CuriousNilave said:
So did the expansion of space happened faster than speed of light during CMB period?
First of all, expansion happens at a rate, not at a velocity. This does mean that some distances will grow faster than the speed of light but this is not due to anything actually moving in relation to something else. Even today distances will grow faster than the speed of light if you go far away enough.

Second, I suggest you read this FAQ: https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/at-what-velocity-does-the-universe-expand-can-it-be-faster-than-light.508610/
 
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Thanks a lot.. This is very helpful!
 

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