# Independence of Complex Fields?

1. Jan 26, 2015

### geoduck

Are a field and its complex conjugate independent? It seems like they're not, as one is the complex conjugate of the other, so if you have one, you know the other.

However, it seems in path integrals, you integrate over the field and its conjugate, so they can take on values that are not the complex conjugate of each other. But you can write the measure in terms of two real fields, so it would seem that in the integrand of a path integral, the field and its conjugate will always take on values that are the complex conjugate of each other!

Furthermore, Weinberg mentions in his QFT book that in Euclidean space, the field and its conjugate must be treated as independent.

So does the answer to the question of whether the field and its complex conjugate are independent of each other depend on Minkowski or Euclidean space?

2. Jan 26, 2015

### king vitamin

Sidney Coleman proves this in the section starting on page 53 in these notes: http://arxiv.org/abs/1110.5013 . He originally goes through and divides the complex scalar into real and imaginary parts which he treats independently, but then shows that varying the scalar and its conjugate is equivalent. You can think of it as a simple linear transformation of treating the real and imaginary parts as independent.