Integration is a mathematical process that calculates the area under a curve. In this equation, we are integrating the function $\frac{\sqrt{B^2 - y^2}}{1-y}$ over the interval $-B$ to $B$. This means we are finding the area under the curve between the points $-B$ and $B$ along the y-axis.
The limits of integration, $-B$ and $B$, are determined by the given interval. In this case, the function is being integrated over the interval $-B$ to $B$, so those are the limits of integration.
This integral can be solved using various methods, such as substitution, integration by parts, or trigonometric substitution. The specific method used depends on the form of the integral and the integrand.
This integral can be evaluated analytically using the methods mentioned above. However, if the integral is too complex, numerical methods such as the trapezoidal rule or Simpson's rule can be used to approximate the value.
The variable B represents the radius of a circle in this equation. This can be seen in the numerator of the integrand, which is the formula for the upper half of a circle centered at the origin with a radius of B. The integral is finding the area under this half-circle curve between the points $-B$ and $B$ on the y-axis.