The six types of intermolecular forces are: London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, hydrogen bonding, ion-dipole interactions, ion-induced dipole interactions, and dipole-induced dipole interactions.
London dispersion forces are weak forces that occur between all molecules, regardless of polarity. They are caused by temporary dipoles that form due to the constant movement of electrons in a molecule. These temporary dipoles can then induce dipoles in neighboring molecules, resulting in a weak attraction between the molecules.
Dipole-dipole interactions occur between polar molecules, where the positive and negative ends of the molecules are attracted to each other. Hydrogen bonding is a type of dipole-dipole interaction that occurs between molecules with a hydrogen atom bonded to a highly electronegative atom such as nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine. This results in a strong attraction between the molecules.
No, ion-dipole interactions only occur between an ion and a polar molecule. The ion is attracted to the opposite partial charges on the polar molecule, resulting in a strong interaction.
The strength of intermolecular forces determines the physical properties of a substance, such as boiling point, melting point, and viscosity. Substances with stronger intermolecular forces will have higher boiling points, as it takes more energy to break the bonds between molecules and change the substance from a liquid to a gas.