Irrationality of this number. Proof.

  • Thread starter charmedbeauty
  • Start date
  • Tags
    Proof
In summary, the problem is that the statement in the opening post that if x is a real number then 2x2-3=0 is false. The statement in the opening post that x is irrational is also false.
  • #1
charmedbeauty
271
0

Homework Statement



Prove that if x is a real number then 2x2-3=0



Homework Equations





The Attempt at a Solution



Well I think this proof is OK but it seems very to the point, please tell me if there is any fallacy in my reasoning.

2x2-3=0

2x2=3

but 2x2 is even, while 3 is odd

Hence x must be irrational for all real x.

??
 
Physics news on Phys.org
  • #2
charmedbeauty said:

Homework Statement



Prove that if x is a real number then 2x2-3=0

Homework Equations



The Attempt at a Solution



Well I think this proof is OK but it seems very to the point, please tell me if there is any fallacy in my reasoning.

2x2-3=0

2x2=3

but 2x2 is even, while 3 is odd

Hence x must be irrational for all real x.

??
All you proved is that x in not an integer.

What is the problem as stated for you to solve?
 
  • #3
There are many things wrong. :frown:

if x is a real number then 2x2-3=0
This statement is false. x=0 is a counterexample: it satisfies the hypothesis, but not the conclusion.

2x2-3=0

2x2=3
For this bit, I can't tell if there's any problem with your reasoning, because you don't say what you're reasoning is -- you just wrote two equations.

but 2x2 is even, while 3 is odd
The notion of "even" and "odd" applies to integers, but it doesn't apply to real numbers. If you are using x to denote a real number, then 2x2 is also 'merely' a real number, and so it doesn't make sense to talk about it being even.

Hence x must be irrational for all real x.
This is another false statement. x=0 is another counterexample. It is real, however it is not irrational. It also has nothing to do with the statement you said you were trying to prove.
I hate to say it, but I think what you need to do is to focus on trying to understand logic, grammar, and the meaning of what you read/write, and also on explicitly writing out what you are thinking and doing.Would you please state exactly the question you were asked? I'm guessing it's something similar to
If x is a real number satisfying the equation 2x2 - 3 = 0, then x is irrational.​
Once you've stated the question, it may be useful to do one or all of the following:
  • Explain why your statement in the opening post means the same thing or doesn't mean the same thing as the question you were asked.
  • Explain why my statement means the same thing or doesn't mean the same thing as the question you were asked.
  • Explain why my statement means the same thing or doesn't mean the same thing as your statement in the opening post.
 
  • #4
Hurkyl said:
There are many things wrong. :frown:


This statement is false. x=0 is a counterexample: it satisfies the hypothesis, but not the conclusion.


For this bit, I can't tell if there's any problem with your reasoning, because you don't say what you're reasoning is -- you just wrote two equations.


The notion of "even" and "odd" applies to integers, but it doesn't apply to real numbers. If you are using x to denote a real number, then 2x2 is also 'merely' a real number, and so it doesn't make sense to talk about it being even.


This is another false statement. x=0 is another counterexample. It is real, however it is not irrational. It also has nothing to do with the statement you said you were trying to prove.



I hate to say it, but I think what you need to do is to focus on trying to understand logic, grammar, and the meaning of what you read/write, and also on explicitly writing out what you are thinking and doing.


Would you please state exactly the question you were asked? I'm guessing it's something similar to
If x is a real number satisfying the equation 2x2 - 3 = 0, then x is irrational.​
Once you've stated the question, it may be useful to do one or all of the following:
  • Explain why your statement in the opening post means the same thing or doesn't mean the same thing as the question you were asked.
  • Explain why my statement means the same thing or doesn't mean the same thing as the question you were asked.
  • Explain why my statement means the same thing or doesn't mean the same thing as your statement in the opening post.

Ok I miss read the question and I thought it was for x an integer...

is this better.

Suppose that

2x^2-3=0

adding 3 two both sides of the equation

2x^2=3

dividing both sides by 2

x^2=3/2

taking the square root of both sides

x=√(3/2)

Now suppose that x is not irrational, ie suppose

x=p/q for some integers p/q

so √(3/2)=p/q

so √3/√2 =p/q

but √3 and √2 are both irrational.

Contradiction therefore x must be irrational.
 
  • #5
The ratio of two irrational numbers can be rational, for example the square root of eight divided by the square root of two.

Do you know how to prove that the square root of two is irrational? A similar argument can be used here
 
  • #6
Office_Shredder said:
The ratio of two irrational numbers can be rational, for example the square root of eight divided by the square root of two.

Do you know how to prove that the square root of two is irrational? A similar argument can be used here

Yeah I think it should be along the lines...

Assume that √2 is not irrational ie

√2=a/b (by definition of rationality).

so 2=a^2/b^2

so..

2b^2=a^2

Now a^2 is divisible by 2 and clearly so is a.

so let a=2k

so 2b^2=(2k)^2

2b^2=4k^2

b^2=2k^2

so b^2 is also divisible by 2.

Contradiction Since any rational number is a quotient or relative primes.

Therefore √2 is rational.
 
  • #7
You last statement should be "[itex]\sqrt{2}[/itex] is NOT rational"!

Now apply those same ideas to [itex]\sqrt{3/2}[/itex].
 
  • #8
HallsofIvy said:
You last statement should be "[itex]\sqrt{2}[/itex] is NOT rational"!

Now apply those same ideas to [itex]\sqrt{3/2}[/itex].

oops, Ok thanks Halls of Ivy!
 

1. What is an irrational number?

An irrational number is a real number that cannot be expressed as a ratio of two integers. This means that it cannot be written as a simple fraction and the decimal representation of an irrational number is non-terminating and non-repeating.

2. How do you prove the irrationality of a number?

To prove the irrationality of a number, one must show that it cannot be expressed as a ratio of two integers. This can be done by using proof by contradiction or by showing that the number has an infinite number of non-repeating decimal digits.

3. Can irrational numbers be calculated?

Yes, irrational numbers can be calculated using mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. However, the result may not be a precise value and may involve an infinite number of decimal digits.

4. Are all square roots of non-perfect squares irrational numbers?

Yes, all square roots of non-perfect squares are irrational numbers. This can be proven by showing that the decimal representation of the square root is non-terminating and non-repeating, which is a characteristic of irrational numbers.

5. How are irrational numbers used in science?

Irrational numbers are used in various fields of science, including physics, chemistry, and biology. They are often used in mathematical models to represent natural phenomena and in calculations involving measurements with infinite decimal places. In physics, irrational numbers are used to describe quantities such as the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter, which is the irrational number pi (π).

Similar threads

  • Calculus and Beyond Homework Help
Replies
8
Views
1K
  • Calculus and Beyond Homework Help
Replies
24
Views
799
  • Calculus and Beyond Homework Help
Replies
7
Views
2K
  • Calculus and Beyond Homework Help
Replies
5
Views
1K
  • Calculus and Beyond Homework Help
Replies
3
Views
2K
  • Calculus and Beyond Homework Help
Replies
5
Views
6K
  • Calculus and Beyond Homework Help
Replies
9
Views
2K
  • Calculus and Beyond Homework Help
Replies
8
Views
1K
  • Calculus and Beyond Homework Help
Replies
4
Views
2K
  • Calculus and Beyond Homework Help
Replies
11
Views
3K
Back
Top