What Are the Limitations of the Law of Universal Gravitation?

AI Thread Summary
The discussion focuses on deriving Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation using principles of circular motion and Kepler's laws. It begins with the equation T^2 = (4π²/GM)R³, linking the period of an orbit to gravitational force. The derivation involves substituting the expression for velocity in circular motion and relating it to gravitational force. The final result confirms the law, showing that gravitational force F equals GMm/R². This highlights the mathematical foundation of gravitational interactions in celestial mechanics.
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Update: Thanks for the help! I'll work on it...
 
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I'm not sure what your equation is, but this is how I would derive Newton's Law

T^2 = \frac{4\pi^2}{GM}R^3

In circular motion,

F = \frac{mv^2}{R}

The period in circular motion is

T = \frac{2\pi R}{v} \Rightarrow v = \frac{2\pi R}{T}

So, by substitution,

F = \frac{m\left(\frac{2\pi R}{T}\right)^2}{R}=\frac{4\pi^2 mR}{T^2}

\Rightarrow T^2 = \frac{4\pi^2 mR}{F}

Substituting into Kepler's 3rd,

\frac{4 \pi ^2 mR}{F} = \frac{4\pi^2}{GM}R^3

\therefore F = \frac{GMm}{R^2}
 
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