Localized and delocalized states, meaning? in Organics

In summary, the conversation is about the terms localization and delocalization, specifically in the context of Quantum Molecular Physics. The speaker is looking for a non-mathematical explanation of these terms. The conversation also mentions the concept of intersystem crossing between charge transfer and locally excited states and poses the question of whether these terms can be applied to simple systems with delocalized and localized states. The speaker is seeking a physical explanation of these terms.
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JOZRA
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Looking (if possible for some of you) a concise but non mathematical explanation of the terms localization and delocalization?
This questions is related to Quantum Molecular Physics. When reading a paper of Spectroscopy and allowed transitions, I encounter the following phrase " [Intersystem Crossing]... between Charge Transfer state and locally excited state ...". So for sake of argument, let's assume that we are not talking about especific states e.g. charged or excited, but that we are discussing different eigenstates of simple system (not necessarily H atom or alike), at least one system that can have delocalized and localized states, is that possible? what do these terms mean physically? Thanks in advance
 
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1. What is the difference between localized and delocalized states in organic molecules?

Localized states refer to electrons that are tightly bound to a specific atom or group of atoms in a molecule. These electrons are not free to move throughout the molecule. In contrast, delocalized states refer to electrons that are shared between multiple atoms and can move freely throughout the molecule.

2. How do localized and delocalized states affect the properties of organic molecules?

The presence of localized states can make organic molecules more stable and less reactive, as the tightly bound electrons are less likely to participate in chemical reactions. On the other hand, delocalized states can lead to increased reactivity and the ability to conduct electricity in certain molecules.

3. Can localized and delocalized states coexist in the same organic molecule?

Yes, it is possible for a molecule to have both localized and delocalized states. This often occurs in conjugated systems, where alternating single and double bonds allow for both localized and delocalized electrons within the same molecule.

4. How do localized and delocalized states relate to the concept of resonance in organic chemistry?

Localized and delocalized states are closely related to the concept of resonance in organic chemistry. Resonance occurs when a molecule has multiple possible structures, or resonance forms, due to the delocalization of electrons. These resonance forms contribute to the overall stability of the molecule.

5. Are localized and delocalized states limited to organic molecules?

No, localized and delocalized states can also exist in inorganic molecules and other types of chemical systems. However, they are particularly important in organic chemistry due to the prevalence of carbon-carbon bonds and the ability of carbon to form multiple bonds with other atoms.

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