Mathematical Induction problem

In summary, the conversation discusses the formula for the sum of a sequence and how to prove it. The formula is S_n = (3(3^n-1))/2 for a_n = 3^n. The conversation also includes steps for proving the formula and a helpful hint for reaching the desired result.
  • #1
mateomy
307
0
Im practicing inductions on my own and I am getting stuck on one in particular...

[tex]
S_n = \frac{3(3^n-1)}{2} for a_n = 3^n
[/tex]

I know that
[tex]
S_1 = 3
[/tex]

when you plug 1 into the equation, because it is the first term in the sequence
Therefore,
[tex]
S_1 = a_1 = 3
[/tex]

I need to prove then
[tex]
S_{n+1} = \frac{3(3^{n+1} -1)}{2}
[/tex]

I know that I need to add S*sub(n) to a*sub(n+1)
so doing that I get
[tex]
\frac{3(3^n - 1) + 2(3^{n+1})}{2}
[/tex]

I don't understand how to get it to match with what I am supposed to prove.

Did I go in the right steps?
 
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  • #2
It might help to write
s_n=(a_{n+1}+a_1)/2
then
s_{n+1}=s_n+a_{n+1}
=(a_{n+1}+a_1)/2+a_{n+1}
then endeavor to show
s_{n+1}=(a_{n+2}+a_1)/2

hint
a_{n+1}=3 a_n
 

1. What is the basic concept behind mathematical induction?

The basic concept behind mathematical induction is that if a statement is true for a specific value (usually the first value) and it can be proven to be true for the next value, then it can be assumed to be true for all values.

2. How is mathematical induction used to solve problems?

Mathematical induction is used to prove that a statement or formula holds true for all values of a given variable. It is a powerful tool for solving problems that involve sequences, series, and other mathematical concepts.

3. What are the steps involved in a mathematical induction proof?

The steps involved in a mathematical induction proof are:

  1. Base case: Prove that the statement is true for the first value (usually n=1).
  2. Inductive hypothesis: Assume that the statement is true for some value k.
  3. Inductive step: Prove that the statement is true for the next value (k+1) using the assumption from the previous step.
  4. Conclusion: By the principle of mathematical induction, the statement is true for all values of the given variable.

4. What are some common mistakes to avoid when using mathematical induction?

Some common mistakes to avoid when using mathematical induction include:

  • Forgetting to prove the base case.
  • Assuming that the statement is true for all values without proving it.
  • Making incorrect assumptions in the inductive step.
  • Using the wrong variable or index in the inductive step.
  • Not clearly stating the inductive hypothesis and conclusion.

5. Can mathematical induction be applied to all mathematical problems?

No, mathematical induction can only be applied to problems that can be solved using induction. It is not applicable to all mathematical problems, such as those involving continuous functions or complex numbers. Other proof techniques, such as direct proof or proof by contradiction, may be more suitable for these types of problems.

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