Laroxe said:
The effects of exposure on DNA were well known, the body's ability to recover from these effects were and are poorly understood.
Yep, and as a further addendum to this (this is a bit of a hijack, but I think it will be of interest):
I work in radiotherapy. That is, using radiation to
treat cancer (and other things, but mostly cancer).
Most people are terrified by the very idea of being treated with radiation, but in fact it is the gold standard for many cancers; beams are focused very precisely on the tumors themselves, meaning side effects are so minimal that many patients can be treated as outpatients.
Conventional radiotherapy involves
fractionation: that is, giving a small radiation dose over several sessions instead of all in one go. The advantage of this is that any healthy tissue that has received radiation dose can repair its DNA, whereas cancers generally can't (obviously if cancerous cells completely repaired their DNA they would not be cancer any more. However, some forms of cancer are unfortunately able to repair their DNA to a limited degree while staying pathological).
In recent years however, there has been a shift, as now
flash therapy is now being incorporated into many treatments -- this is where a large dose is delivered very quickly; in a fraction of a second. For reasons that are still unclear this leads to even better results in terms of the treatment effectiveness
and minimizing damage to the healthy tissue. Research is ongoing, but in the meantime of course it makes sense to use this therapy even if we don't fully understand why it works.
Anyway, my point was just to agree about how much we still need to understand about the effect of radiation on cells.
Oh and in the interest of completeness I should mention that flash therapy and fractionation are not necessarily opposites; you can have a fractionated treatment where each fraction is given in less than a second. There is a robust debate right now on what is the ideal way to deliver doses.