In MySQL, when an attribute or relation is renamed using the keyword AS, the alias is not stored in the database and cannot be used outside the query where it was defined. The original name of the attribute or relation can still be used, but the alias cannot. For example, using an alias in a query works within that query, but attempting to reference the original name alongside the alias in the same context can lead to errors, such as "Unknown column." If there is a need for persistent aliases, creating a view is recommended as it allows for the use of global aliases for columns or tables.