New Research on Untying Knots in Polymers - Comments

klotza
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Greg Bernhardt submitted a new PF Insights post

New Research on Untying Knots in Polymers
dna_stretch.png


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on Phys.org
That was fun to read. Good article.

When you remove the stretching forces, do they immediately re-knot?

Can you calculate the potential energy of the configurations? Is a knotted state lower energy than straight?
 
Good question. The lowest energy state of a polymer is a random coil, that is the one that maximizes entropy. When you stretch a polymer and let it relax, it returns to the coiled state as entropy increases (this is also why rubber is elastic). However, if there's no knot it is unlikely (but not impossible) for knots to spontaneously form as it relaxes.

A polymer with a knot is thought to have a higher free energy than one without a knot (there's more configurations without a knot than with a knot, so unknot has higher entropy). What has been theorized is that knots are metastable, meaning there is an equilibrium size for the knot once it exists, and it is unlikely to expand to much bigger than that, so the molecule will remain knotted for a long time, until it diffuses to the end of the molecule and unties. There might also be scenarios in which knots are favourable, like a molecule under extreme confinement (the DNA of a virus is an example).
 
Do the knots put extra stress at particular bonds that might make the bond break? If the knotted state is stable, that suggests they don't break.

How about non-DNA practical applications?
 
They do. You can try tying a cooked spaghetti noodle into a knot and pulling on the ends. The noodle will break at the knot. All this stuff about thermodynamic stability though basically assumes that the length is constant (no breaking or growing).

There are lots of things that knots are useful for, but I'm not sure my research really improved any of those.
 
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