Normal Force between two concentric cylinders

10 replies · 4K views · last reply
Joshua Smith
Messages
6
Reaction score
0

Homework Statement


a cylinder sits inside of another fixed cylinder without friction and an internal force acts on the cylinder as shown in the diagram. Draw the normal force vector and write down the force and moment equations.

I drew in my normal vector to counteract the A force vector and wrote out the force and moment balance equations but when I did a check by plugging in numbers I got that the normal force causes a moment on the inner cylinder. What did I do wrong here?

Homework Equations


Force balance, moment balance

In the picture the black dash is the thin outer cylinder
Cross-section diagram of an inner cylinder (blue disc) inside a dash-dot outer cylinder, with labelled centre, radius r, angle theta, offset za, point A and a normal force arrow touching the outer wall, plus y and z axes.


The Attempt at a Solution


∑Fx = 0, ∑Fy = Ay - Ny = 0, ∑Fz = Az - Nz = 0,
∑Mx = (Az * you - Ay * za) + (Nz * r cosθ - Ny * r sinθ) = 0,
∑Mx = ( -Ay * za) + (Nz * r cosθ - Ny * r sinθ) = 0,
 
Last edited:
A normal force is one that is perpendicular to the plane of contact between two bodies. In this case it would be radial to the cylinders.
 
  • Like
Likes   Reactions: Joshua Smith
haruspex said:
A normal force is one that is perpendicular to the plane of contact between two bodies. In this case it would be radial to the cylinders.

so In that case it doesn't matter where the A force originate, just its angle? it would like this then?
Cross-section diagram of a blue disc inside a dash-dot outer cylinder circle, with a black centre dot, a normal force arrow hitting the boundary at angle theta, labels r, A, za, and y and z axes.
 
Joshua Smith said:
so In that case it doesn't matter where the A force originate, just its angle? it would like this then?
View attachment 112026
Yes, that's better.
There is a a mistake n the relevant equations you posted. They made a certain assumption which might not apply here.
 
Last edited:
haruspex said:
Yes, that's better.
There is a a mistake n the three relevant equations you posted. They all made a certain assumption which might not apply here.

since the outer cylinder is fixed the inner cylinder can't move so the forces should sum to zero, but it could rotate about x
 
Joshua Smith said:
since the outer cylinder is fixed the inner cylinder can't move so the forces should sum to zero, but it could rotate about x
Right.
So what equations do you now have?
 
haruspex said:
Right.
So what equations do you now have?

There will be a moment about the x-axis caused by the y component of the A force

∑Fx = 0, ∑Fy = Ay - Ny = 0, ∑Fz = Az - Nz = 0,
∑Mx = -Ay * za = 0
 
Joshua Smith said:
There will be a moment about the x-axis caused by the y component of the A force
Yes, so why did you write this:

Joshua Smith said:
∑Mx = -Ay * za = 0
?

For the linear forces, you need to get the x and y components of A in terms of A, θ, az and r.
 
haruspex said:
Yes, so why did you write this:

?

For the linear forces, you need to get the x and y components of A in terms of A, θ, az and r.
oops. I copy pasted and modified which led to me forgetting to take out the = 0.
 
I have a question about this with friction. If you added friction between the two cylinders then there would be a tangential force acting at the point where the normal force touches to counteract the rolling of the cylinder but then the force balance wouldn't work out? How is this rectified?
∑Fn = A - N = 0, ∑Ft = -uN ~= 0,
∑Mx = -Ay * za + uN * r
Diagram of an inner cylinder inside a dash-dotted outer cylinder, with a normal force and friction force at the contact point, angle theta, radius r, distance A, za, and n-t axes.
 
Attachments
  • Cross-section diagram of an inner cylinder inside a dashed outer cylinder, showing a normal force and a friction force at the contact point, angle Θ, radius r, offset za, and labelled y and z axes.
    upload_2017-1-23_18-36-36.png
    14.5 KB · Views: 652
Joshua Smith said:
then the force balance wouldn't work out
You have assumed the normal force would continue to act along the same radius.