In thermodynamics, the sign convention for work and heat differs between chemistry and physics due to the perspective taken on the system. Physics defines work done by the system as negative, as it represents energy loss, while work done on the system is positive, indicating energy input. Similarly, heat added to the system is positive, while heat removed is negative. Discrepancies in sign conventions may arise from discussing different systems or using distinct potential functions in canonical transformations. Understanding these conventions is crucial for accurate thermodynamic analysis.
