Position of subshells in a bond

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the behavior of p and d subshells during bonding, specifically in the context of phosphorus pentachloride (PCl5). It is established that the p subshells (Px, Py, Pz) do not retain their original shapes when involved in bonding; instead, they contribute to the formation of molecular orbitals that occupy the entire molecule. The trigonal bipyramidal shape of PCl5 results from the hybridization of these orbitals, which allows them to span a vector space and point in various directions, differing from their atomic orbital configurations.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of atomic orbitals, specifically p and d subshells
  • Knowledge of molecular geometry and hybridization
  • Familiarity with molecular orbital theory
  • Basic principles of chemical bonding
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the concept of hybridization in detail, focusing on sp3, sp2, and sp hybridizations
  • Explore molecular orbital theory and its implications for molecular shapes
  • Investigate the geometry of other molecules with similar bonding characteristics, such as SF6 and NH3
  • Learn about the role of electron repulsion in determining molecular shapes using VSEPR theory
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Chemistry students, educators, and professionals interested in molecular geometry, chemical bonding, and the behavior of subshells in molecular interactions.

coconut62
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I've learned that there are three types of p shells, namely Px, Py and Pz, each in a different direction. I've also learned that when different atoms bond together, they form specific shapes depending on the number of bonds and electrons.

I want to ask, will the shape of the p or d subshells alter when they are involved in a bond?

For example, phosphorus pentachloride. This molecule's shape is trigonal bipyramidal. The phosphorus atom definitely uses all the electrons in its outermost shell to bond with the chlorine atoms right? So what will happen to the p subshells if they were to form a trigonal bipyramidal shape?
 
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Subshells that are involved in bonding become parts of the molecular orbitals. Shapes of molecular orbitals are different from the shapes of atomic orbitals - after all, the don't occupy just a vicinity of an atom, they occupy whole molecule.
 
The px, py and pz orbitals span a vector space. Just like you can create a vector in real space pointing in any direction from the unit vectors pointing in x, y and z direction, you can create p orbitals pointing in any direction from the px, py and pz orbitals.
 

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