Potential difference, also known as voltage, is the difference in electric potential between two points in an electrical circuit. It is measured in volts (V) and represents the amount of energy that is required to move a unit of electric charge from one point to another.
Potential difference is calculated by dividing the energy (in joules) by the charge (in coulombs). This can be represented by the equation V= E/Q, where V is voltage, E is energy, and Q is charge.
Using the equation V= E/Q, we can plug in the given values to find that the potential difference is 3 volts (V).
Potential difference is directly proportional to electric current, meaning that as the potential difference increases, so does the electric current. This relationship is described by Ohm's Law, which states that V=IR, where V is potential difference, I is current, and R is resistance.
Potential difference is what drives the flow of electricity, as it creates an electric field that pushes charged particles (such as electrons) through a conductor. Without a potential difference, there would be no flow of electricity.