Proving the Order of the Symmetric Group S_N: Where to Begin?

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Homework Statement



Show that the symmetric group (permutation group) S_N is of order N!

Homework Equations





The Attempt at a Solution



I can't get started on how to prove this. I understand that if

n=2 S_2= {E, (12)}
n=3 S_3={E, (12), (13), (23), (123), (132)}

and so on. This makes this seem kind of intuitive. However I can't even get started on proving it for N. Could somebody please help me get started?
 
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Given {1, 2, ..., n-1, n}, you want to construct a bijection onto itself. So take the first element, 1. There are n choices of elements it can map to. Then consider 2. There are n-1 elements it can map to (since the function is 1-1 and one of the n elements is already 'taken' by 1)
 
Got it. Thanks.
 
There are two things I don't understand about this problem. First, when finding the nth root of a number, there should in theory be n solutions. However, the formula produces n+1 roots. Here is how. The first root is simply ##\left(r\right)^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)}##. Then you multiply this first root by n additional expressions given by the formula, as you go through k=0,1,...n-1. So you end up with n+1 roots, which cannot be correct. Let me illustrate what I mean. For this...

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